Information about what TEP is is relevant for estimators. Let's get to know her. The abbreviation stands for “territorial unit prices”. Estimates are drawn up in TER, FER, GESN. Territorial ones are developed individually for each subject. Entry into force is organized by the local administration. Registration of TER in RosStroy is mandatory, after which prices are included in the list of regulatory documents.
TER: where and how it is used
Territorial unit rates apply until cancelled. GosStroy can do this by issuing an order or decree. The currently valid collection is necessary to generate an estimate for If construction is associated with government agencies, TEP accounting is required. For non-state structures, prices are recommended, but they will have to be taken into account.
Working for itself, the company has the right to set its own prices. Participation in government auctions requires compliance with TEP. Since the standards are adopted in accordance with the prices in force at the time of approval, an index is used to obtain the current amount of expenses. A list of indices valid for the near future is published monthly. Knowing what TER is, and owning the index reissued on the 25th of the next month, they prepare a correct, accurate estimate for any construction.
Practical use
It is necessary to know how estimates are prepared in TERs if you have to:
- government order;
- construction;
- participation in the tender;
- installation;
- design and survey work.
The ability to use TERs is valued by the contractor.
Estimate: theory and practice
When constructing a building, you cannot do without an estimate. As follows from Article 743 of the current code, the key documents for any facility under construction are:
- work agreement;
- basis for payment;
- estimate.
Knowing what TEP is, estimates are drawn up correctly.
The estimate records:
- marginality;
- cost price;
- price of materials;
- cost of equipment;
- construction time;
- equipment costs.
An estimate is drawn up taking into account the following nuances:
- specifics of the region;
- title of work;
- scope of work;
- correctness of odds (season, crowded conditions, etc.);
- current index.
The estimate is drawn up based on:
- list of works;
- volumes of work.
With a correctly formed design sheet, data on the composition and scope of work is given to the estimator in advance. When renovating a building, an estimate can be drawn up without the involvement of professionals.
When working with a municipal or federal client, the contractor uses the TEP of the customer’s region. Even if the company is based in another region, and the work will be carried out in a third region, the indices and coefficients of the area where the organization requiring the services is registered are taken into account.
In the case where the work is financed from the federal budget and the construction site is located in Moscow, the cost increase index is used. This indicator was created based only on construction and repairs in the capital. When a developer works on the territory of Moscow with funds allocated from the municipal budget, taking into account TSN-2001.
Unit prices
The regulatory framework is unit prices, compiled for ease of use into reference collections.
Unit prices are expressed financial resources required for the success of the planned work.
TER are compiled for the following catalogs:
- construction;
- repair;
- installation;
- commissioning;
- landscaping;
- technical support.
Computers to help estimators
It’s not easy to master, even knowing the terms of this area and having a sample in front of your eyes. Computer systems have been developed to help estimators calculate objects. When using them, you will still have to know what TEP is, but the process is greatly simplified. The program already contains standard amounts, there is a function for updating the index, the finished document is generated on an accepted form, taking into account state standards.
“On the knee”, construction in TER can be calculated in Excel, but the use of special software guarantees the accuracy of the obtained figures. The estimate program will save time and, based on the entered data, will be able to quickly generate documents of several samples. Daily automatic updates guarantee the relevance and correctness of the results.
Summing up
So, we can safely say that the concept of TERs is necessary for every self-respecting estimator. This helps to correctly draw up the documentation accompanying the construction. The use of TEP expands the company's capabilities, allowing it to participate in auctions.
When hiring an estimator, it is in the employer’s interest to test the specialist. Skills in using TER, the ability to distinguish territorial from federal prices, the ability to master new software systems for construction calculations - these are the key skills of a skilled worker.
Federal unit prices FER-2001.
Federal unit prices for construction work are compiled in base prices as of January 1, 2000 and are intended to determine direct costs in the estimated cost of construction of enterprises, buildings, structures and structures, to develop consolidated standards of estimated cost, as well as for payments for completed construction work. Applies to facilities financed from the federal budget.
FER-2001 collections were developed at the price level for the base region of the country (Moscow region).
FER are compiled based on:
· State elemental estimate standards for construction work GESN-2001
· Average estimated prices for the operation of construction machinery and mechanisms as of January 1, 2000
· The level of remuneration of construction workers and machinists as of January 1, 2000 (adopted according to state statistical reporting in construction for the fourth quarter of 1999).
The numbering, names and units of measurement of prices in the FER-2001 collections coincide with those in GESN-2001.
In separate prices, “Direct costs” and “Cost of materials” do not include the cost of building materials, products and structures, which is accepted on the basis of design data and current prices according to the terms of delivery (type of resource - local). Such materials are listed as a separate line directly in the price quote, indicating the code, name and cost of the price meter.
For FER-2001, the Moskomekspertiza center for the city of Moscow issued indices of conversion to the current price level of the basic cost of construction, major repairs, reconstruction, for objects being built in Moscow at the expense of the federal budget.
Territorial unit prices for construction and special construction work TER-2001 are intended for use in determining the estimated cost of construction of new, reconstruction, expansion and technical re-equipment of existing enterprises, buildings, structures, housing, civil and industrial facilities carried out in the Moscow region. And the GU MO “Mosoblgosekspertiza” (formerly LEU MO) is being developed.
TER collections are an integral part of the pricing and estimate standardization system in construction operating in the Russian Federation.
Territorial unit prices are mandatory for all enterprises and organizations, regardless of affiliation and forms of ownership, carrying out construction using funds from the regional budget or with its participation and targeted extra-budgetary funds.
For construction projects financed from the own funds of organizations and individuals, TERs are advisory in nature.
TERs of the Moscow region are developed on the basis of:
· State elemental estimate standards for construction and special construction work GESN-2001, approved by the relevant resolution of the Gosstroy of Russia
· The amount of funds for remuneration of construction workers, adopted according to state statistical reporting in construction and data from the administrations of districts and cities of the Moscow region as of January 1, 2000
· Average estimated prices for materials, products and structures at the basic price level for the Moscow region as of January 1, 2000
· Average estimated prices for the operation of construction machinery and mechanisms, as well as the wages of drivers as of January 1, 2000, according to the Federal Collection of Estimated Standards and Prices for the operation of construction machinery and vehicles
Basically, unit prices in TEP collections are closed, i.e. take into account the estimated cost of materials of the most widely used brands (from those provided for by both estimated standards and projects) and the estimated cost of operating machines.
In the case of using building materials with their brands and consumption rates according to design data (working drawings), the specific material taken into account in the price, its consumption and base price can be replaced with the material provided for by the project at a price reduced to the base price level as of January 1, 2000 of the year.
At the same time, standard indicators for labor in man-hours and construction machines in machine-hours are not subject to adjustment.
The current cost when calculating by type of work performed between customers and contractors is determined by the base-index method based on the base (2000) cost of construction and installation work provided for in local estimates, and the Collection of calculation indices of the State Ministry of Education and Science "Mosoblgoseksperiza" by type of work.
SINGLE PRICE
Unit price are the direct costs of producing a unit of work. Prices are divided into two types: closed and open.
Closed prices direct costs take into account all types of costs, including all material resources. This price is displayed in one line in the estimate.
Open prices The cost of basic material resources is not taken into account in direct costs, i.e. resources that determine this type of work. Such a material resource is called unaccounted for. The price in the estimate is displayed in several lines.
LOCAL ESTIMATES
When determining the estimated cost of construction, all costs are divided into four groups:
construction work, installation work, equipment and other costs.
The local estimate is drawn up based on:
Scope of work according to design data
Nomenclature and quantity of equipment, inventory
Estimated standards in force at the time of drawing up the estimate
Free (market) prices and tariffs for equipment and inventory
In general, a local estimate is prepared for one type of work.
For example, for buildings and structures - construction work; special construction work; internal sanitary works; internal electric lighting; electric power plants; installation and acquisition of technological and other types of equipment; instrumentation and automation; low-current devices (communications, alarms, etc.); acquisition of devices, equipment and other work.
For general site works - for vertical planning; installation of engineering networks, paths and roads; landscaping, small architectural forms and others.
Two or more local estimates can be drawn up for the same type of work in cases where complex buildings and structures are being designed and technical documentation for construction is being developed by several design organizations, as well as when the estimated cost is divided among start-up complexes.
In local estimates, data is grouped into sections according to individual structural elements of the building (structure), types of work and devices.
Grouping usually corresponds to the technological sequence of work. It is usually allowed to divide buildings and structures into an underground part ("zero cycle" work) and a surface part. Typically, a local estimate includes the following sections:
Construction work: excavation work; foundations and walls of the underground part; walls;
frame; floors; partitions; floors and bases; coverings and roofs; filling
openings; stairs and platforms; Finishing work;
Special construction work: foundations for equipment; special
grounds; channels and pits; lining and insulation; chemical protective coatings
and other works;
Internal sanitary works: water supply, sewerage, heating;
Gas supply;
Equipment installation: purchase and installation of process equipment,
technological pipelines, technological metal structures, etc.;
Ventilation and air conditioning;
Electric installation work;
Low voltage networks;
Automation.
In general, an estimate is a statement that summarizes unit prices, grouped into sections, indicating additional cost items for each section and for the estimate as a whole.
The cost determined by local estimates includes direct costs, overhead costs and estimated profit.
Direct costs consist of the basic wages of workers, the cost of operating construction machines and the cost of materials, products, structures (all these figures are indicated in the estimate columns). Direct costs and their components are deciphered line by line.
Accrual of overhead costs and changes in profit when drawing up local estimates without dividing into sections is carried out at the end of the estimate after the total of direct costs, when forming by sections - at the end of each section and in general according to the local estimate.
The assignment of overhead costs and estimated profit is carried out according to the norms of overhead costs and estimated profit, respectively, the amount of which is provided for by the current governing documents and is based on the basic salary.
So, direct costs, overhead costs and estimated profit make up the cost of construction, repair, installation, etc. work.
In addition, in object estimates and summary estimates, limited expenses are accrued, including: winter increases in prices, temporary buildings and structures, preparation of design estimates; contingencies and other expenses required by local conditions.
In cases where consolidated estimates are not prepared, the above costs are included in the local estimate.
In the case when, in accordance with the design decision, dismantling of structures or demolition of buildings and structures is carried out, for structures, materials and products suitable for reuse, the results of local estimates (calculations) for dismantling, demolition (relocation) of buildings and structures are provided for reference refund amounts, i.e. amounts that reduce the size of capital investments allocated by the customer. These amounts are not excluded from the local estimate (calculation) and from the volume of work performed. They are shown in a separate line called “Including refundable amounts” and are determined on the basis of the items and quantities of structures, materials and products received for subsequent use, also given after the results of the local estimate. The cost of such structures, materials, products as part of refundable amounts is determined at the price of possible sales minus from these amounts the costs of bringing them into a usable condition and delivering them to storage locations.
Structures, materials and products taken into account in refundable amounts should be distinguished from the so-called revolving materials (formwork, fastening, etc.), used in accordance with construction technology several times when performing certain types of work. Their repeated turnover is taken into account in the estimated standards and the prices compiled on the basis of them for the corresponding structures and types of work.
OBJECT ESTIMATE
Object estimates are compiled for the facility as a whole by summing up the data from local estimates (estimates) with grouping of work and costs according to the corresponding columns of the estimated cost: “Construction work”, “Installation work”, “Equipment”, “Other costs”. They are compiled at one price level: basic or current.
If the cost of an object can be determined from one local estimate, then an object estimate is not drawn up.
In order to determine the full cost of the object necessary for settlement of work performed between the customer and the contractor, at the end of the project estimate, funds for covering limited costs are additionally included in the cost of construction and installation work determined at the current price level. to increase the cost of work performed in winter, the cost of temporary buildings and structures included in the estimated cost of construction and installation work.
In the object estimate, line by line and ultimately, indicators of unit cost are given per 1 m 3 of volume, 1 m 2 of area of buildings and structures, 1 m of network length, etc.
Following the results of the consolidated estimate calculation, return amounts are shown for reference, which are the final result of return amounts provided for by local estimates.
SUMMARY ESTIMATED CALCULATION
Summary estimate the cost of construction determines the estimated limit of funds required to fully complete the construction of all objects provided for by the project. A consolidated estimate of the cost of construction, approved in accordance with the established procedure, serves as the basis for determining the capital investment limit and opening construction financing. Consolidated construction cost estimates are compiled and approved separately for production and non-production construction.
In the consolidated estimate of the cost of a project for the construction of an enterprise, building or its phase, the totals for all object estimates (estimates) without amounts to cover limited costs, as well as estimates for individual types of costs, are included in separate lines. Items of the consolidated construction cost estimate must have a reference to the number of the specified estimate documents. The estimated cost of each object provided for by the project is distributed according to the columns indicating the estimated cost of “construction work”, “equipment, furniture, inventory”, “other costs”, “total estimated cost”. The summary estimate for construction is drawn up at the current price level. In the consolidated estimates of the cost of industrial and housing and civil construction, funds are distributed in the following chapters:
1. Preparation of the construction area
2. Main construction projects
4. Energy facilities
5. Transport and communication facilities
6. External networks and structures of water supply, sewerage, heat supply and gas supply
7. Improvement and landscaping of the territory
8. Temporary buildings and structures
9. Other costs and work
11. Training of operational personnel
The distribution of objects, work and costs within the chapters is carried out according to the nomenclature established for the relevant industry for a consolidated estimate of the cost of construction. If there are several types of completed productions or complexes, each of which has several objects, grouping within the chapter can be carried out into sections, the name of which corresponds to the name of the productions (complexes).
For capital repair projects of residential buildings, communal and social-cultural facilities, it is recommended that funds be distributed to the following chapters as part of one estimate:
1. Preparation of sites (territories) for major repairs
2. Main objects
3. Utility and service facilities
4. External networks and structures of water supply, sewerage, heat supply and gas supply
5. Improvement and landscaping of the territory
6. Temporary buildings and structures
7. Other work and costs
8. Technical supervision
The consolidated estimate is drawn up for the entire construction, regardless of the number of general contracting construction and installation organizations participating in it.
The estimated cost of work and expenses to be carried out by each general contracting organization is drawn up in a separate statement, compiled in relation to the form of the consolidated estimate.
An explanatory note is drawn up for the summary estimate submitted for approval as part of the project, which contains:
Construction location
List of catalogs of estimate standards adopted for drawing up construction estimates
Name of the general contractor
Overhead rates
Estimated profit standard
Features of determining the estimated cost of construction work for a given construction project
Features of determining the estimated cost of equipment and its installation for
of this construction
Features of determining funds for a given construction project according to chapters 8-12 of the summary
estimate calculation
Calculation of the distribution of funds in the direction of capital investments (for housing and
civil engineering)
Other information about the procedure for determining the cost, specific to this construction,
as well as links to relevant decisions of government and other bodies
government authorities on issues related to pricing and benefits for
specific construction.
In the summary estimate of the cost of construction, the following results are given (in columns 4-8): for each chapter (if there are sections in the chapter - for each section), for the sum of chapters 1-7, 1-8, 1-9, 1-12 , as well as after accruing the amount of reserve funds for unforeseen work and costs - “Total according to the consolidated estimate”.
The consolidated estimate for capital repairs provides the final data for each chapter, for the sum of chapters 1-5, 1-6, 1-7, 1-9, as well as after accruing the amount of the reserve for unforeseen work and expenses - “Total for the consolidated estimate calculation."
Funds included in Chapter 1 "Preparation of the construction site"
Includes funds for work and costs associated with the allocation and development of the developed territory. These works and costs include:
Allocation of land, issuance of architectural and planning assignments
Breakdown of the main axes of buildings and structures
Clearing the construction area
Relocation of residents of demolished houses
Compensation for the cost of demolished (moved) buildings and plantings
Drainage of the area, etc.
The cost of work is determined on the basis of project volumes and current prices.
The amount of funds should also take into account the cost of work necessary to place temporary buildings and structures on the prepared territory.
The economic crisis of 2008 in Russia affected many areas of activity, but the construction industry to a greater extent. Most of the facilities that were built or repaired using commercial sources of financing were simply forced to stop and, at best, be mothballed due to lack of money.
But construction has not stopped completely; state and municipal budgets, although on a smaller scale than before, still continue to allocate limits for construction and repairs. In this regard, contracting organizations that previously worked only with commercial money turned their attention to state and municipal facilities, because they have to survive somehow.
Contractors, accustomed to the almost complete absence of serious control over the expenditure of funds on construction and installation work on the part of commercial customers, were unpleasantly surprised by the rather strict and orderly control on the part of state and municipal customers. For many, it was a discovery that before starting work it is necessary to draw up a real realistic estimate indicating the costs of materials, work, operation of machines and mechanisms, and what is even more unexpected, in accordance with this estimate, all work is financed and a full report will have to be made.
Many contractors who have been working in the construction market for several years have had to figure out what construction prices are, cost increase indices, regulatory frameworks and much more. In this regard, I would like to dwell a little on the choice of the regulatory framework for calculating the cost of construction products, what they are and what they are used with.
So, regulatory framework for cost estimates- this is a large number of individual prices combined into collections in accordance with their type.
☛ Unit prices are a set of resources in monetary terms (wages, operation of machinery and mechanisms, materials and equipment) that are necessary to perform a particular type of work.
Unit prices, as mentioned above, are combined into collections depending on their type. There are collections for construction work, repair work, installation work, commissioning, as well as for maintenance and improvement. All prices are developed at the basic price level (as of January 1, 2000) and are an integral part of the pricing and estimate standardization system in construction operating on the territory of the Russian Federation.
In turn, collections of prices for construction (repair) work, installation of equipment and commissioning work, according to the level of application, are divided into federal (FER), territorial (TER), i.e. regulatory frameworks. FER collections contain prices for all types of work that are performed on the territory of the Russian Federation, and are developed at the main price level for the 1st base region (Moscow region).
The FER collections are, as it were, the starting point on the basis of which all collections of other regions (TER) are developed. The territorial collections of TER include unit prices tied to local construction conditions, which are applied during construction within the territory of an administrative entity of the Russian Federation (region), i.e. they simply monitor the level of wages for builders established for a given region, the cost of materials, the operation of machinery and mechanisms, as well as various climatic and other factors. Thus, TER most accurately reflect the cost of construction work for a specific region, because it is clear that when calculating estimates for, for example, the Volgograd region, it is impossible to accept the Moscow wage level for builders or the cost of sand in the region where it is mined will be significantly lower than in about where it still needs to be brought. In accordance with this, each region has its own TER (territorial unit rates), with the exception of the city of Moscow.
Moscow has always stood out and did not look for easy ways, in connection with which the Moscow government decided to develop its own estimate standards, which will allow the assessment of construction work only in this city. This is how MTSN-98 appeared (Moscow territorial estimated standards in the price level as of January 1, 1998). It must be said that this base is very well developed in comparison with FER and TER. This is due to the fact that Moscow did not spare money to study this issue and took it very seriously, since it is clear that the more accurately the prices are worked out qualitatively and quantitatively, the more accurate the cost calculation will be and that means less money will dissolve in thin air, and go more for specific work. FER-2001 and TER-2001 basically repeated the prices from the old Soviet regulatory framework of 1984 (which of course did not have a positive effect), of course, today these prices are periodically updated and brought to modern realities, but they still remain, unfortunately, far behind the base MTSN-98. MTSN-98 was replaced at the end of 2007 by TSN-2001 (territorial estimate standards for the city of Moscow), which were adjusted to the price level as of January 1, 2000, in order to comply with the generally accepted pricing system in the Russian Federation, but with its own significant differences. This database is even more developed than MTSN-98 and continues to constantly develop; updates to this database are released almost quarterly, in which some prices are excluded as unnecessary, and some, on the contrary, are added due to the emergence of new technologies in construction. But we can definitely say that today TSN-2001 is the most advanced base of estimated prices.
☛ So, having considered all existing types of regulatory frameworks, one could conclude that it is necessary to use the best TSN-2001 database for calculations, however, according to various resolutions of Gosstroy (the main body responsible for issuing regulatory documents in the field of construction and housing and communal services), apply that or other regulatory framework FER or TER or TSN is needed depending on the type of budget financing.
Thus, if the source of financing for construction and installation work is federal or municipal, then the TER (territorial unit rates) of the region in which these works are carried out is applied, regardless of where the contracting organization is from (this means a Moscow organization if it will build in the Volgograd region, then the estimate will be calculated according to the TER of the Volgograd region). And again, exceptions: if the source of financing for the work is federal, but the construction is carried out in Moscow, then FER-2001 is applied (using price increase indices specially developed for the city of Moscow), and if work is carried out in Moscow at the expense of the municipal budget of the city of Moscow, then it is mandatory for the use of TSN-2001.
In the case of using commercial sources of financing work, the estimated regulatory framework is determined by agreement between the customer and the contractor, and commercial prices can be used in general, although in recent years almost more large and medium-sized commercial customers are switching to one or another regulatory framework, often refusing to use no unreasonable commercial prices.
Therefore, before deciding which budget standards to use, you need to understand which option will be most acceptable for the customer and contractor.
Victor Olenev. 2009..
Territorial unit prices for construction and special construction work TER-2001 are intended for use in determining the estimated cost of construction of new, reconstruction, expansion and technical re-equipment of existing enterprises, buildings, structures, housing, civil and industrial facilities carried out in the Moscow region. And the GU MO “Mosoblgosekspertiza” (formerly LEU MO) is being developed.
TER collections are an integral part of the pricing and estimate standardization system in construction operating in the Russian Federation.
Territorial unit prices are mandatory for all enterprises and organizations, regardless of affiliation and forms of ownership, carrying out construction using funds from the regional budget or with its participation and targeted extra-budgetary funds.
For construction projects financed from the own funds of organizations and individuals, TERs are advisory in nature.
TERs of the Moscow region are developed on the basis of:
· State elemental estimate standards for construction and special construction work GESN-2001, approved by the relevant resolution of the Gosstroy of Russia
· The amount of funds for remuneration of construction workers, adopted according to state statistical reporting in construction and data from the administrations of districts and cities of the Moscow region as of January 1, 2000
· Average estimated prices for materials, products and structures at the basic price level for the Moscow region as of January 1, 2000
· Average estimated prices for the operation of construction machinery and mechanisms, as well as the wages of drivers as of January 1, 2000, according to the Federal Collection of Estimated Standards and Prices for the operation of construction machinery and vehicles
Basically, unit prices in TEP collections are closed, i.e. take into account the estimated cost of materials of the most widely used brands (from those provided for by both estimated standards and projects) and the estimated cost of operating machines.
In the case of using building materials with their brands and consumption rates according to design data (working drawings), the specific material taken into account in the price, its consumption and base price can be replaced with the material provided for by the project at a price reduced to the base price level as of January 1, 2000 of the year.
At the same time, standard indicators for labor in man-hours and construction machines in machine-hours are not subject to adjustment.
The current cost when calculating by type of work performed between customers and contractors is determined by the base-index method based on the base (2000) cost of construction and installation work provided for in local estimates, and the Collection of calculation indices of the State Ministry of Education and Science "Mosoblgoseksperiza" by type of work.
SINGLE PRICE
Unit price are the direct costs of producing a unit of work. Prices are divided into two types: closed and open.
Closed prices direct costs take into account all types of costs, including all material resources. This price is displayed in one line in the estimate.
Open prices The cost of basic material resources is not taken into account in direct costs, i.e. resources that determine this type of work. Such a material resource is called unaccounted for. The price in the estimate is displayed in several lines.
LOCAL ESTIMATES
When determining the estimated cost of construction, all costs are divided into four groups:
construction work, installation work, equipment and other costs.
The local estimate is drawn up based on:
Scope of work according to design data
Nomenclature and quantity of equipment, inventory
Estimated standards in force at the time of drawing up the estimate
Free (market) prices and tariffs for equipment and inventory
In general, a local estimate is prepared for one type of work.
For example, for buildings and structures - construction work; special construction work; internal sanitary works; internal electric lighting; electric power plants; installation and acquisition of technological and other types of equipment; instrumentation and automation; low-current devices (communications, alarms, etc.); acquisition of devices, equipment and other work.
For general site works - for vertical planning; installation of engineering networks, paths and roads; landscaping, small architectural forms and others.
Two or more local estimates can be drawn up for the same type of work in cases where complex buildings and structures are being designed and technical documentation for construction is being developed by several design organizations, as well as when the estimated cost is divided among start-up complexes.
In local estimates, data is grouped into sections according to individual structural elements of the building (structure), types of work and devices.
Grouping usually corresponds to the technological sequence of work. It is usually allowed to divide buildings and structures into an underground part ("zero cycle" work) and a surface part. Typically, a local estimate includes the following sections:
Construction work: excavation work; foundations and walls of the underground part; walls;
frame; floors; partitions; floors and bases; coverings and roofs; filling
openings; stairs and platforms; Finishing work;
Special construction work: foundations for equipment; special
grounds; channels and pits; lining and insulation; chemical protective coatings
and other works;
Internal sanitary works: water supply, sewerage, heating;
Gas supply;
Equipment installation: purchase and installation of process equipment,
technological pipelines, technological metal structures, etc.;
Ventilation and air conditioning;
Electric installation work;
Low voltage networks;
Automation.
In general, an estimate is a statement that summarizes unit prices, grouped into sections, indicating additional cost items for each section and for the estimate as a whole.
The cost determined by local estimates includes direct costs, overhead costs and estimated profit.
Direct costs consist of the basic wages of workers, the cost of operating construction machines and the cost of materials, products, structures (all these figures are indicated in the estimate columns). Direct costs and their components are deciphered line by line.
Accrual of overhead costs and changes in profit when drawing up local estimates without dividing into sections is carried out at the end of the estimate after the total of direct costs, when forming by sections - at the end of each section and in general according to the local estimate.
The assignment of overhead costs and estimated profit is carried out according to the norms of overhead costs and estimated profit, respectively, the amount of which is provided for by the current governing documents and is based on the basic salary.
So, direct costs, overhead costs and estimated profit make up the cost of construction, repair, installation, etc. work.
In addition, in object estimates and summary estimates, limited expenses are accrued, including: winter increases in prices, temporary buildings and structures, preparation of design estimates; contingencies and other expenses required by local conditions.
In cases where consolidated estimates are not prepared, the above costs are included in the local estimate.
In the case when, in accordance with the design decision, dismantling of structures or demolition of buildings and structures is carried out, for structures, materials and products suitable for reuse, the results of local estimates (calculations) for dismantling, demolition (relocation) of buildings and structures are provided for reference refund amounts, i.e. amounts that reduce the size of capital investments allocated by the customer. These amounts are not excluded from the local estimate (calculation) and from the volume of work performed. They are shown in a separate line called “Including refundable amounts” and are determined on the basis of the items and quantities of structures, materials and products received for subsequent use, also given after the results of the local estimate. The cost of such structures, materials, products as part of refundable amounts is determined at the price of possible sales minus from these amounts the costs of bringing them into a usable condition and delivering them to storage locations.
Structures, materials and products taken into account in refundable amounts should be distinguished from the so-called revolving materials (formwork, fastening, etc.), used in accordance with construction technology several times when performing certain types of work. Their repeated turnover is taken into account in the estimated standards and the prices compiled on the basis of them for the corresponding structures and types of work.
OBJECT ESTIMATE
Object estimates are compiled for the facility as a whole by summing up the data from local estimates (estimates) with grouping of work and costs according to the corresponding columns of the estimated cost: “Construction work”, “Installation work”, “Equipment”, “Other costs”. They are compiled at one price level: basic or current.
If the cost of an object can be determined from one local estimate, then an object estimate is not drawn up.
In order to determine the full cost of the object necessary for settlement of work performed between the customer and the contractor, at the end of the project estimate, funds for covering limited costs are additionally included in the cost of construction and installation work determined at the current price level. to increase the cost of work performed in winter, the cost of temporary buildings and structures included in the estimated cost of construction and installation work.
In the object estimate, line by line and ultimately, indicators of unit cost are given per 1 m 3 of volume, 1 m 2 of area of buildings and structures, 1 m of network length, etc.
Following the results of the consolidated estimate calculation, return amounts are shown for reference, which are the final result of return amounts provided for by local estimates.
1. These Territorial unit prices for construction work (TER) for use in St. Petersburg in base prices as of January 1, 2000 are intended to determine direct costs in the estimated cost of performing work on the construction of hydraulic structures and drawing up estimates (estimates), and also for payments for completed construction work.
1. These Territorial unit prices for construction work (TER) for use in St. Petersburg in base prices as of January 1, 2000 are intended to determine direct costs in the estimated cost of performing work on the construction of concrete and reinforced concrete structures of hydraulic structures and drawing up estimates (estimates ), as well as for payments for completed construction work.
2. TER reflect the industry average costs for the operation of construction machinery and mechanisms, technology and organization by type of construction work. TER are mandatory for use by all enterprises and organizations, regardless of their affiliation and forms of ownership, carrying out capital construction with the involvement of funds from the state budget of all levels and targeted extra-budgetary funds.
For construction projects financed from the own funds of enterprises, organizations and individuals, TEPs are advisory in nature.
1.1. The prices of Section 01 of this collection apply to the construction of concrete and reinforced concrete structures of hydraulic structures of hydropower facilities.
1.2. Section 01 prices are intended for hydropower facilities with a total volume of concrete and reinforced concrete for main structures of more than 100 thousand m3. When the volume of concrete and reinforced concrete is up to 100 thousand m3, the coefficients given in the technical part should be applied to the cost of operating the machines.
1.3. The prices in Section 04 of this collection apply to the construction of concrete and reinforced concrete structures of hydraulic structures on irrigation and drainage systems with a volume of concrete for the structure as a whole up to 10 thousand m3.
1.4. In the prices table. 01-001-01-003, 01-007-01-009 provides for the supply of concrete mixture to blocks of concrete and reinforced concrete structures. In this case, blocks with reinforcement saturation of up to 20 kg/m3 should be classified as concrete structures, and blocks with reinforcement saturation of more than 20 kg/m3 should be classified as reinforced concrete structures.
1.5. The prices of section 01 provide for the installation of reinforcement and formwork at a height of up to 50 m from the level of the base of hydraulic structures or the support platform in the form of previously concreted underlying blocks.
1.6. In the prices table. 01-001, 01-002, 01-007, 01-008 provide for the supply of concrete mixture in buckets with a capacity of 4 m3. In cases where the project provides for the supply of concrete mixture in buckets of a different capacity, the coefficients given in paragraphs should be applied. 3.3.1, 3.4.2 of this technical part.
1.7. The costs of laying concrete mixture in complex blocks of a hydroelectric power station building (blocks of subgenerator structures, spiral chambers, suction pipe bends, support cone, as well as structures up to 2 m thick with frequent reinforcement) should be determined according to prices 1 given in Table. 01-001 and 01-002 using the coefficients according to clause 3.5 of this technical part.
1.8. In the prices table. 01-001-01-003 does not take into account the removal of the cement film from the surface of horizontal construction joints. In cases where the project provides for film removal, the coefficients given in clause 3.3.2 of this technical part should be applied to prices.
1.9. In prices 2, 3 tables. 01-003 provides for the supply and placement of concrete mixture with compaction by vibrators. When laying cast, self-compacting concrete mixture, the coefficients given in clause 3.6 of this technical part should be applied to prices.
1.10. In the prices table. 01-007 and 01-008 provide for laying the concrete mixture in blocks 1.5 m high. When laying the concrete mixture in blocks 3 m high, the coefficients given in clause 3.4.1 of this technical part should be applied.
