Symbol (sign) of the ruble- an abbreviation of the word “ruble” that arose as a result of the evolution of Russian writing, which was used from the second half of the 17th century to the second half of the 19th century and was a ligature, a natural combination of superscript letters “r” and “u” for cursive writing. Over time, this ligature lost its original meaning and by the end of the 18th century it turned into an independent symbol, adjacent to modern letters.
The priority for the discovery of the sign belongs to the Minsk historian Ivan Sinchuk. The priority of the first scientific interpretation of the sign belongs to Ekaterina Vorobyova.
Currently, two designs are used as unofficial symbols of the ruble: the lowercase letter “r” with a dot (“r.”), as well as the so-called “Lebedev-Tarbeev sign” (the letter “R” with a crossed out leg).
In accordance with clause 2.1 of Art. 4 of the Law “On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)” (86-FZ dated July 10, 2002), it is the Bank of Russia that “approves the graphic designation of the ruble in the form of a sign.” As of December 1, 2012, the ruble symbol has not been approved.
XVII-XIX centuries
Timeline and examples of use
One of the first precisely dated examples of the use of the ruble sign is contained in the Collection of Translations of Epiphany Slavinetsky. It is found in the so-called sales note (an inscription in the margin of a book indicating the fact of ownership, purchase or sale of the book), which reads: “On the 5th day of December 1681, the Belakhonian Vasily Ivanov, son of the Tveritinov, sold this book, spoken by heaven, to the town dweller Terentyev, son of Michnik. And I, Vasily, took the book for 12 rubles 100 altyn 2 money. And I, Vasily, signed it with my own hand. Sold it clean and truly and had a hand in it”.
The latest known example of the use of the ruble sign dates back to the first half of the 19th century. It appears in the entry on the flyleaf of the Code of Law of the Sovereign Tsar and Grand Duke Ivan Vasilyevich, which reads: “4 rubles, December 18, 1830”. The recording was made by academician Pavel Stroev, one of the first collectors of ancient Russian written monuments, on a book that was part of his personal library.
There are examples of the use of the ruble sign not only in personal and business correspondence, but also in official documents, for example, in the inventory of things and money seized from the Decembrists during the arrest (GA RF, f. 48).
From a letter from Ivan Sinchuk to the editors of the magazine “Money” dated November 11, 1999.
Historical documents allow us to conclude that by the beginning of the 19th century, the symbol of the ruble was familiar and actively used by representatives of many classes of the Russian Empire: army and court scribes (philistines), booksellers (merchants), university professors (raznochintsy), nobles. For example, a document addressed to the poet Vasily Zhukovsky is known.
I came across a ruble sign similar to that presented in the affairs of the Decembrists in letters from Moscow University professor Mikhail Kachenovsky to Vasily Zhukovsky, in which financial issues related to the publication of the journal “Bulletin of Europe” are discussed. The first letter is dated January 3, 1812, the second - February 23, 1814. The sign is also found in Kachenovsky’s letter to Kazan University professor Perevoshchikov, which talks about sending books for sale. The letter is dated September 18, 1817. From a letter from Yuri Evdoshenko to the editors of the magazine “Money”
The end of the use of the ruble sign dates back to the middle of the 19th century.
Since the sign is found in letters, reports, and inventories, we can conclude that it is widely used both in official documents and in everyday correspondence. This is confirmed by other “cases” of the 48th fund. For example, “The case of things and money that belonged to Batenkov” (No. 296), “The case of the sale at auction of things that belong to no one knows who, and the criminals Yushevsky and Shchepin-Rostovsky due to inconvenience in correspondence” (No. 297), the case “At the request of arrested persons about the release of their own money to buy tobacco and for other needs" (No. 298), "The case of government claims opened against former regimental commanders and other officers involved in the case of a secret society" (No. 300) ... But in In documents of a later period, the “ruble sign” is no longer found. In any case, I did not find it in other documents randomly ordered from the Civil Code of the Russian Federation dating back to the mid-19th century (in the first and second inventories of the 95th fund “Investigative Commission of 1862. Material evidence”, in case No. 245 “On vacation money to the St. Petersburg and Moscow commissions, at the request of Count M.N. Muravyov and about the expenses thereof" and in case No. 6 "Accounts of Dostoevsky M.M. and E., cash receipts and bank statements"). Pavel Timashkov specially for Dengi magazine
It should also be noted that there was experience in using the ruble sign in printing - in particular, in Magnitsky’s “Arithmetic” (1703), but this experience was not widespread.
Historical outline of the ruble symbol
Act of redistribution of copper into coins (XVIII century)
According to the classical version, which Ekaterina Vorobyova adheres to in her works, in the letter combination “ru”, which became the basis of the independent sign of the ruble, the letter “r” (“rtsy”) is rotated 90° counterclockwise, and the letter “u” (“uk” ) is written over it. Another point of view is shared by Ivan Sinchuk, who believes that the letter “p” rotates 90° counterclockwise, and the letter “u” written on top of it rotates 90° clockwise. Both versions are confirmed in the primary sources: the specific outline of the sign strongly depends on the characteristics of the handwriting and varies from a clear reproduction of one of the options described above to a regular cross.
The use of cursive letter combinations of the 16th-17th centuries is a common phenomenon in the practice of scribes of the 18th-19th centuries. Just as often as the letter combination “ru”, a ligature of the superscript letters “m” and “u” was used. For example, it appears several times in the Determination on the reorganization of the Academic University, compiled by Mikhail Lomonosov and recorded by a scribe on February 14, 1760, and is used as the end of ordinal numbers in the dative case: “1 mu professor of general rights, 2 mu Russian rights, 3 mu history and politics." Like the ruble symbol, the “mu” ligature, which originally appeared as a combination of superscript letters, is written in a superscript (superscript) to the right of the numbers.
In the 17th century, the ligature “ru”, being a letter combination itself, was written above the numbers in accordance with the rules of cursive writing. At the same time, Cyrillic letters were then used as numbers, over which the title was written. In the case of monetary amounts, the title was replaced by the cursive ligature “ru”.
At the beginning of the 18th century, Cyrillic letters and numbers were replaced by Arabic numerals, and the need to use titlos disappeared. From this moment on, the ligature “ru” begins to shift in relation to the numbers to the right and down, losing its original meaning as a letter combination and turning into a full-fledged symbol, an independent grapheme.
In the 19th century, having become a sign, the ligature “ru” was significantly reduced in size and written to the right of the numbers above the main line - the way ordinal numbers are now written using numbers in English, that is, using a superscript, or superscript (1 st , 2nd, etc.). In Russian, when handwritten, such an index is usually underlined by one or two lines (1 th , 2 th etc.). But in the case of monetary amounts, the horizontal “p” often replaces such lines.
Thus, replacing first the title, and then a single or double underscore, the horizontal “p” in the ligature-sign “ru” was greatly simplified to a straight or wavy horizontal line. As a result, the classic cursive ligature in the form of a horizontal “r” and a vertical “u” written on top of it began to resemble a shortened letter “u” crossed out below the middle.
Modern interpretations of the ruble symbol
The only attempt to scientifically systematize variants of the ruble sign on very limited material (documents of 1820-1830 from the National Historical Archive of Belarus in Grodno) was made by Ivan Sinchuk in his work “The Many Faces of the Ruble Sign”.
The only professional attempt to link the historical sign of the ruble to the main typefaces of modern fonts in 1998 was made by the art director of the ParaType company Vladimir Efimov.
The only attempt to create a modern logo based on the sign of the 17th-19th centuries was made in 2005 by journalists and artists of the magazine “Everything is clear” (repeated in 2009 in the magazine “Idea X”).
A variant of writing the sign in one stroke was proposed in 1999 by Yuri Kalashnov.
Symbols of other denominations and units of account
A comparative analysis of documents of the 18th century and documents of the 19th century allows us to assume (for now this is just an assumption that requires additional study) that other denominations of Russian money also had their own symbols, in particular, the kopeck, money and altyn.
Having originated as superscript letter combinations typical for cursive writing (“de” - money; “ko” - kopek) or simply letters (“a” - altyn), the quasi-symbols of these denominations retained their basic cursive features until the first half of the 19th century, violating the already established time reduction rules. So “money” should already be abbreviated as “den.” or “d.”, and kopek - like “kop.” or to.". But like the ruble symbol, they only shifted relative to the number to the right and slightly down, supplemented by a single or double underline (kopeck - co, money - de, altyn - a).
The end of the use of these symbols, as well as the ruble symbol, dates back to the middle of the 19th century.
| Period | Ruble | Hryvnia | Altyn | Money | Kopek |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cursive writing of the 17th-18th centuries. | no rice | no rice | |||
| Cursive writing of the first half of the 19th century. | no rice | no rice | |||
| Magnitsky's Arithmetic (1703) | no rice | ||||
| Modern styles | No | No | No |
Drawings of ligatures of the ruble symbol and the kopeck symbol
| Ruble symbol | Penny symbol |
|---|---|
 |
 |
The ligatures are based on the work of Ivan Sinchuk “The Many Faces of the Ruble Sign”, prepared on the basis of documents of 1820-1830 from the National Historical Archive of Belarus in Grodno.
XX-XXI centuries
Chronicle
With the beginning of the integration of the Russian economy into the world economy (90s of the 20th century) and the widespread use of foreign currencies in internal Russian circulation (primarily the dollar, which has its own recognizable sign), proposals were repeatedly made to introduce a sign for the Russian ruble. With the advent of the euro and the approval of its sign, such proposals began to be heard more often and resulted in several unofficial competitions, promotions and initiatives to introduce the ruble sign.
The first known one is the competition, which was held in 1997 by the magazine “Financier” and which received about 300 works (the author of the idea was Andrey Eremenko).
Finalists of the “Ruble Sign” campaign
The second in time was the “Sign of the Ruble” campaign, which was held in 1999-2000. carried out by the magazine “Money” and the Club of Graphic Designers “Portfolio” (the authors of the idea were Yuri Kalashnov and Pyotr Bankov). 300 authors took part in it, proposing a total of about 1000 options for the design of the ruble sign. An important feature of this action was that during it, for the first time in modern history, evidence of the existence of the ruble sign of the 17th-19th centuries was found. At the same time, about 1000 people were surveyed and asked the question “Does the Russian ruble need a symbol similar to the signs of the dollar, euro, pound sterling and other currencies?” Over 85% of respondents responded positively. When asked whether contemporaries are ready to consider the combination of superscript letters “p” and “u” as a ruble sign now, the following result was obtained: 73% - “for”, 23% - “against”.
The third was the competition “Draw the symbol of the ruble!”, held by the newspaper “Komsomolskaya Pravda” in 2005-2006. The competition became the most widespread in terms of the number of applications submitted: the editors received more than 5,000 sketches.
The fourth competition is “Create a ruble sign”, held by RIA Novosti in 2006. The organizers received about 300 proposals, and the best ones were submitted to the Central Bank and the State Duma.
It is also necessary to note the huge number of individual initiatives that were expressed in direct letters to various government bodies (primarily the State Duma and the Central Bank of the Russian Federation) and even registration of images of the ruble sign in the Russian Society of Authors.
In addition to competitions and promotions, a study conducted in 2006 by the All-Russian Center for the Study of Public Opinion (VTsIOM) and the newspaper Izvestia deserves attention. On May 25, the newspaper published 13 signs, which were pre-selected by experts interviewed by Izvestia. VTsIOM presented them to Muscovites in four focus groups and found that 4 signs left Muscovites indifferent, 3 were considered inappropriate, 4 were considered “ambivalent”. Only two signs aroused interest among respondents. These are projects by Tagir Safaev (Latin “R” with two horizontal lines at the top of the vertical leg) and Vladimir Efimov (Latin “R” with a double diagonal leg). The results of the study were presented on June 14 at the round table “What should the sign of the ruble be?”
Later, the Bank of Russia working group on approving the ruble symbol held several more meetings, but no official press releases were issued based on the results of its work, so the topic easily became the object of various speculations. Here is just one typical example:
As a source who took part in the work of the Central Bank commission told the Dzhinsa news agency, the new sign of the ruble will be officially approved after some time, but the final decision on how it will look has already been made. The new ruble sign will look like this: P. That is, it will be a capital Russian letter “P” with a dot. The sign is placed with a space after the digital indication of the amount (for example: 100 RUR), the source said. According to him, this sign was approved mainly for the following reasons:
- such a designation is intuitively clear to any Russian;
- the Russian “P” can be written even in the absence of a Cyrillic font, replacing it with a similar-looking Latin letter “P”;
- Everyone will be able to use this sign immediately after approval - there will be no need to introduce any additional symbol into international standards, wait a long time for it to appear on keyboards and spend huge amounts of money on the implementation of this sign.
It is also believed that the Central Bank considers the abbreviation “RR” as a symbol of the ruble, which is one of the tools for protecting Russian paper money from counterfeiting and is visible on the strip under the design on the obverse of the banknote when viewed from an acute angle in reflected light (kipp effect) . The basis for this conclusion was a letter received by the organizing committee of the “Sign of the Ruble” campaign from the Department of External and Public Relations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation in response to an invitation to delegate a bank representative to the jury of the competition.
In mid-2007, the design studios “Design Depot”, “Designet”, “Direct Design”, “Imadesign”, “Letterhead”, ParaType and Artemy Lebedev Studio proposed using the letter “P” with a leg crossed out below the semicircle as a sign for the ruble .
To select the “Ruble Sign” symbol, we used objective criteria that are important for its effective use:
- Simplicity of graphics;
- Difference from other writing characters adopted in the main font systems, primarily in Cyrillic and Latin;
- Intuitive clarity for a representative of Russian-speaking culture. The sign is introduced primarily into domestic circulation, so it is more important that it is correctly perceived by Russians than by foreigners;
- Convenience of writing by hand (among other things, motor memorization is the fastest and most reliable);
- Single-composition. A character consisting of one grapheme is faster to read and usually takes up less space. A single-component, non-ligature sign is easier to integrate into a tabular set, which is extremely important in this case;
- Font independence. A symbol, a grapheme, is introduced into everyday use, and not a sign of a specific font. This grapheme should be able to be stylized into any typeface of an existing or future font when supplemented with a ruble sign;
- Uniform density. The absence of areas overloaded with strokes, too small, unnecessary strokes. These parameters become crucial in a small-sized set. The character should not appear in the fourth point of the text font;
- The width is no greater than zero (the widest digit). An important parameter: in typesetting fonts, the widths of currency symbols must correspond to the widths of numbers to simplify table typesetting;
- Understandable to a foreigner familiar with the Latin alphabet;
- The presence of slight unusualness within the normal range, facilitating memory and recognition.
From the manifesto of design studios
Nowadays, everyone knows what the ruble symbol looks like. You can see the symbol of this currency in the article. In it we will talk not only about its history. We will also tell you how to enter the ruble symbol in the text input field. Of course, it is not specified, but there are still ways to enter it. In this article we will look at them all.
History of the symbol
Initially, of course, it is worth paying attention to the history of the symbol. How currency appeared back in the thirteenth century. And almost immediately there was a need to reduce it. There were a lot of variations, but the first known variant that became known to us was a combination of two letters - “r” and “y”. One thing can be said for sure: this abbreviation appeared as a result of the evolution of the then written language in Russian. By the way, this abbreviation originated in the 17th century and was used until the 19th.
Nowadays, another designation of the ruble is the symbol “₽”. However, it is worth noting that this spelling option is relevant only for banknotes of Russian origin, and everyone knows that the ruble is used in three countries: Russia, Belarus and the unrecognized Transnistria. It is different for each country.
- in Belarus - "Br";
- in Transnistria - “P” with a line that is located vertically.
But in the article we will only talk about the Russian ruble.
Keyboard paste
So, we have already done the main thing, we have indicated the designation of the ruble. We know the symbol, and now it’s time to tell you how to enter it from the keyboard. The first method that we will use appeared relatively recently, in 2013. But it is worth noting that Microsoft has not implemented this symbol in all of its operating systems, but only in the current ones.
So, continuing to talk about the designation of the ruble, you will not find the symbol on the keyboard, as mentioned above. Here you will need to use the keyboard shortcut - Alt + 8.
Everything is quite simple, after pressing these two keys, the ruble symbol will be printed in the place where you placed the cursor. But it’s worth making a note that you need to hold down Alt right, not left, and enter eight on the top numeric keypad, otherwise nothing will work.
Inserting using a symbol table
The simplest way to enter the ruble symbol was presented above. But for some reason it may not work (a broken key or an outdated version of Windows). What to do if you urgently need to enter the ruble symbol? The symbol in Word will help you with this. So, now let's look at a way to insert a ruble symbol into a document using a symbol table in Word.
This is done quite simply; the main thing for you is to initially open the table itself. To do this, go to the "Insert" tab. Now on the toolbar you need to find the “Symbol” button. Click on it and select "Other symbols" from the drop-down menu. You can visually observe the entire process in the picture below.
Now you have the table you need. As you can see, there are an unimaginable number of symbols; manually searching for the one you need will take a long time. To make your search easier, you can select “Currency” from the “Set” drop-down list. After this, different countries will appear in front of you. Find the one you need and click the "Insert" button. Pay attention to the sign code, this will come in handy later.
Using hexadecimal code
Remember that code you needed to pay attention to? This is the hexadecimal code of this character. Now let's look at how it should be used to enter the ruble symbol.
And there’s practically nothing to do here, you just need to enter the code and press ALT + X. But for greater clarity, let’s look at everything with an example.
Let's say you entered a number in Word and want to put a ruble symbol at the end. For this:
- place the cursor in the desired place;
- enter "20BD";
- Press the keyboard shortcut ALT+X.
After this, the code will turn into the symbol we need. If you want to find out other symbol codes, then you can view them in the table with symbols, simply highlighting the desired element. The "Character Code" field will display a set of four characters, which is the hexadecimal code of the selected character.
Using the clipboard
Well, the last method is generally for the lazy, although few people know about it. Using it, you can insert not only a printed symbol into a document, but also the picture of this symbol itself. To do this, the picture or symbol must initially be placed on the clipboard, that is, simply copied. When the desired object is in the buffer, make sure that you do not copy something else there, otherwise it will not work.
After that, open the program or page where you will enter the symbol, paste the copied object using the CTRL + V combination or the context menu.
By the way, you can use this article to copy the necessary material. Here is the symbol itself - “₽”. By the way, you can copy any symbol or image in this way.
There are times when you need to use characters that are not on the keyboard. For example, all sorts of crosses, stars and hearts in statuses or nicknames on social networks, such as VKontakte or Facebook. This article describes in detail how to type such characters.
And so, just below you will see two ways, the first is to type such characters on a computer using codes with the Alt key, and the second way to type on an Android tablet or smartphone, which is also necessary. And just below you will learn how to type the ruble sign on the keyboard.
A set of symbols and signs on the keyboard.
There is such a wonderful key - "Alt". It is often used, for example, when using keyboard shortcuts in other programs, such as . But today we need it for other cases, namely, for typing various symbols and signs that are not on the keyboard. Below you will see a list of codes and opposite symbols. You just need to hold down the Alt key and on the right side of the keyboard type the code that corresponds to the character you need.
If these buttons do not work, then you need to turn on the NumPad, to do this you need to press the Num Lock key, otherwise the NumPad buttons will work as controls for you.
As you can see, everything is simple.
Character codes with Alt key. So, how do you enter characters on the keyboard with the Alt key? Everything is much simpler than it seems. In order to enter a character, you need to hold down the Alt key and type numbers on the NumPad.
After which you can omit the Alt key, but the main question arises: what numbers should you enter to get the desired character? This is where the list of Alt character codes below will come to your aid. The list is considerable; it contains various symbols from hearts and crosses to zodiac signs.
Alt symbol table:
How to type the ruble symbol on the keyboard?
If you need a ruble sign, then you probably already noticed that it is not found anywhere on the keys, let's figure out how to enter the ruble sign.
In Windows 10, 8.1, 8 and Windows 7, you can also type the ruble sign using the Alt key. To do this you need to press and hold right Alt + 8. If you can’t type the ruble sign in Windows 7, then the update may not be installed, just update the system through Windows Update.
Also, you can simply copy the ruble sign here - ?.
Symbols of the zodiac signs.
You can simply select these symbols of the zodiac signs, copy (Ctrl+C) and paste (Ctrl+V) to the desired place, either from a computer or from a mobile device.
Twins.
Scorpion.
Sagittarius.
Capricorn.
Aquarius.
Character set on an Android device.
If you are using a tablet or smartphone on Android, then it is even easier to enter characters here, because you do not need to use any codes. The default keyboard (usually the Google keyboard) is of course good and convenient, but there is a more universal analogue “Hackers Keyboard”. This keyboard has many characters that can be entered without codes. This keyboard is completely free and is available on the Play Market.
Now you can type characters that are not on the keyboard, thanks to the Alt character table, you also learned how to type the ruble sign and enter symbols on an Android device. That's all, if you have any questions or have anything to add, please comment.
In 2013, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation officially approved a new ruble symbol instead of the abbreviation “rub”, which was used in financial reports, when printing price tags, and so on. This sign was recognized as an international designation of the Russian currency, and its code value was included in the symbolic table of special signs. Therefore, when writing documents when indicating monetary amounts, it has become convenient to use this symbol. However, not all users know how to insert a ruble symbol in Word. Below we provide detailed instructions.
Note! The ruble symbol is only available in Word 2016. This symbol is not available in earlier versions of the editor. Therefore, the insert demonstration will be carried out in version 2016.
Inserting via symbol table
- Suppose there is a number printed on a page in a Word document, after which you need to insert a ruble symbol:
- Next, place the mouse cursor (print carriage) in the right place, open the “Insert” tab in the top functional menu of the editor, and in the list of functions that opens, in the “Symbols” section, find and click the “Symbol” button:
- In the drop-down menu that appears, select “Other symbols...”:
- In the dialog box that opens, in the “Set” field, select “Currency notes”, select the ruble sign in the list of symbols (or you can enter its code “20BD” in the “Sign code” field) and click the “Insert” button:
- The result will be the following:
Paste with hotkeys
This insertion method is the fastest and easiest to remember. Each special character has its own Unicode code, which is used to denote it in the computer character layout. The ruble sign corresponds to the code “20BD”. In this case, the sequence of actions will be as follows:
- First of all, just as in the previous case, install the print carriage in the desired location:
- Next, enter the characters “20BD”:
- Next, press the hotkey combination Alt+X. As a result we get:
Using the methods described above, you can insert a ruble symbol in Word. Using these methods, you can insert a symbolic designation of other monetary units; you just need to know their code designation.
Many people remember that not so long ago the Russian ruble did not have its own graphic symbol and was most often designated as “r.”. At the same time, currencies such as the dollar and euro have long had graphic symbols to designate them, and the question of approving such a symbol for the ruble remained open.
In 2006, the Central Bank of Russia was given the authority to approve the graphic image of the ruble, and from that moment on, various individuals and design companies, including Artemy Lebedev’s studio, began to offer their new versions of this symbol.
finalists of the competition
The most popular and simplest symbol was the letter P with a crossed leg. It began to be widely used even before official approval and, based on the results of a vote held by the Central Bank in 2013, it was officially chosen as the international symbol of the Russian currency.
It is customary to place the Russian currency symbol after the number.
How to enter a character from the keyboard
You can’t just type the ruble code from the keyboard with one keystroke yet. The character code in the Unicode layout is U+20BD. But it is important that the font used supports this sign, otherwise you will see just a square in this place in the text.
For example, in MS Word, you can type the ruble sign by entering “20BD” (without quotes), and then pressing the ALT key and, while holding it down, the X key. In addition, you can put a symbol through the “Insert - Symbol” menu.
Html code for the ruble symbol
To add the ruble symbol to the site in the html code, you need to specify the code:
& #8399; |
Naturally, the font must contain this banknote.
I'll give you a working example.
You can quickly find fonts that support this symbol in the Google Fonts service. In the Preview Text field we indicate the ruble code (I copied the symbol from a Word document, where I pasted it using the method described above, since I still haven’t found a universal way to type a unicode symbol from the keyboard).
It can be seen that the icon we need is supported by the fonts:
- PT Sans (also PT Sans Narrow, PT Sans Caption);
- PT Serif (also PT Serif Caption);
- Roboto (also Roboto Condensed);
- Rubik;
- Istok Web;
- PT Mono;
- Cormorant (also Cormorant Garamond, Cormorant Infant, Cormorant SC, Cormorant Unicase).
Details about connecting a font with Google fonts are written in the article:.
In our case, we need to perform 3 steps:
1. Connect the font (place instructions somewhere in the header area of the site).
3. Insert the ruble sign as a special character.
< span class = "rubl" > & #8399; |
Create your own ruble sign
While using this approach, I encountered a problem that on some devices the symbol is displayed as a square. As a result, I found a universal way to display the ruble sign using the letter P and an underline raised to the required level.
To do this, we indicate on the website:
R
< span class = "rub" >R< / span > |
And add the following code to the style sheet:
Rub ( font-family: arial; vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: 1px solid; line-height: 5px; display: inline-block; width: 0.4em; )
