11.02.202327.05.2017

Dismantling works are characterized by a relatively large estimated cost and high labor intensity. An analysis of the cost estimates for facilities that underwent major repairs shows that the cost of dismantling works is 3.1-10% of the total cost, labor intensity is 13 ... 36%. The most labor-intensive work that requires a lot of manual labor is the cleaning and transportation of materials from dismantling and construction debris.

Therefore, the organization of dismantling works has its own specifics and technological sequence. This must be known to all engineering and technical workers who are engaged in the operation, reconstruction, maintenance and overhaul.
Work on the dismantling of building structures and engineering equipment, as a rule, is carried out by contractors according to previously developed and approved work execution projects (PPR). For buildings and structures that are technically complex or are being dismantled for the first time, WEPs can be developed by a design organization.

Without the availability of approved documentation, dismantling work is prohibited.
The basis for the development of the PPR is a floor inventory plan (or a floor plan made based on the results of measurement work), a survey card for a building or structure, and a situational plan for underground utilities. PPR, both for a building or structure separately, and for an object as a whole, is developed in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents. It is approved by the chief engineer of the contracting organization and agreed with the customer's labor protection engineer.
A certificate with the seal and signature of the chief engineer must be attached to the PPR stating that all engineering communications (water supply, sewerage, heating systems, etc.) are disconnected from the building or structure. Without such a certificate, the PPR is invalid.

The dismantling of building structures and engineering equipment is a complex technological process consisting of two periods: preparatory and main.
Prior to the start of the preparatory period, the work foreman must receive all the design and estimate documentation: working drawings, estimates, work plan, situational plan for underground utilities and an order for dismantling. All engineering and technical personnel, foremen and workers must be familiar with the documentation and safe work practices. During this period, all residents and service personnel must be evicted.

During the preparatory period, the following works are carried out:

inspection of buildings and structures to be dismantled;
studying and agreeing on the conditions for the performance of work;
development of technology for dismantling works;
checking the disconnection of engineering networks located in buildings and structures;
road preparation:
delivery and installation of scaffolding, scaffolding, garbage chutes, bunkers and other equipment for the dismantling of structures and engineering equipment and the removal of materials;
delivery and installation of lifting equipment;
preparation of equipment for temporary fixing of structures during dismantling;
laying and connection of temporary engineering networks.

The main period or actual dismantling works includes three stages:

at the first stage, the structures are dismantled by separating their individual elements from each other; removal of separated elements and their inspection, sorting and stacking; destruction, loosening of monolithic concrete, reinforced concrete and stone structures.
at the second stage, materials are sorted after the dismantling of structures and engineering equipment, they are loaded and transported to places for reuse or to a landfill.
at the third stage, the front is being prepared for the subsequent construction and installation work.

The main task of dismantling works is to remove worn-out building structures and their elements, units of engineering equipment, as well as to create the necessary scope of work for the installation of new structures and equipment. The dismantling works must be carried out within the same area (for example, between stairwells, etc.). At the same time, it is necessary to strictly observe the technological sequence of dismantling structures and equipment, ensuring safe working conditions and maximum preservation of materials from disassembly, as well as structures adjacent to those being dismantled.
The installation of new structures can be started only after the completion of the entire complex of dismantling works at the grip.

The technology of dismantling works for stone buildings and structures has specific features depending on the accepted scheme for the production of works and the type of machines and mechanisms used. In this case, work can be carried out according to two schemes:

the first scheme provides for the dismantling of structures from top to bottom - roofing, roof, floors, etc. The supply and removal of materials is carried out from above into the well, as a rule, using lifting and transport mechanisms (tower cranes, adjustable cranes, etc.).
according to the second scheme, the roof is preserved during its selective repair. Submission and removal of materials is carried out through window openings. In this case, lifting mechanisms (lifts, etc.) are used as vehicles, and all construction and installation work is carried out manually.

FEDERAL CONSTRUCTION AGENCY

AND HOUSING AND UTILITIES

(ROSSTROY)

The system of regulatory documents in construction

BUILDING NORMS AND RULES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

ORGANIZATION OF CONSTRUCTION

SNiP 12-01-2004

UDC 69:658.012(083.74)

Introduction date- 2005-01-01

FOREWORD

1 DEVELOPED by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Center for the Methodology of Rationing and Standardization in Construction" (FSUE CNS) and CJSC "Central Research and Design and Experimental Institute for Organization, Mechanization and Technical Assistance to Construction" (CJSC TsNIIOMTP)

INTRODUCED by the Department of technical regulation, standardization and certification in construction and housing and communal services of the Gosstroy of Russia

2 APPROVED AND PUT INTO EFFECT on January 1, 2005 by Resolution of the Gosstroy of Russia dated April 19, 2004 No. 70

3 INSTEAD OF SNiP 3.01.01-85*

INTRODUCTION

These building codes and rules are advisory in nature and establish for voluntary application the general rules for conducting construction, which have developed in practice and are conditioned by the current legislation.

In a number of paragraphs of these building codes and rules, quotations from federal laws are given, references to federal laws and other regulatory legal acts, which confirm the validity of the recommended rules and procedures.

The regulatory provisions of this document acquire the status of mandatory if the construction contract concluded by the construction participants in accordance with the Civil Code of the Russian Federation contains a reference to the application of these building codes and rules during the construction of a particular facility.

1 AREA OF USE

These building codes and regulations apply to the construction of new and reconstruction of existing (hereinafter referred to as construction) real estate objects. The provisions of these rules and regulations may be extended to the repair of buildings and structures in operation.

The document is advisory in nature and establishes for voluntary application general rules for construction, procedures for monitoring the quality of construction and assessing the compliance of completed real estate objects (buildings and structures) with the requirements of project documentation and the terms of contracts.

These building codes and regulations do not take into account the requirements of the current regulatory documents of ministries and departments that must be carried out during the construction of linear structures, in the right of way of railways, in the right of way of roads and other transport routes, power lines, communications, pipelines and other technical infrastructure facilities .

2 DEFINITIONS

Definitions of terms used in this document are given in Appendix A.

3 GENERAL

3.1 The construction of a real estate object (buildings, structures) can only be carried out if there is a building permit.

Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation

§ 62 Building permit

1. Construction permit - a document certifying the right of the owner, owner, tenant or user of a real estate object to develop a land plot, construct, reconstruct a building, structure and structure, and improve the territory.

2. A building permit is issued in accordance with this Code on the basis of applications from interested individuals and legal entities, documents certifying their rights to land plots, and in the presence of approved project documentation.

Lists of real estate objects for the construction of which a building permit is not required are established by the legislation and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (Article 62, parts 9 and 10).

3.2 The general conduct of construction is carried out by a person who has received a building permit (hereinafter referred to as the developer). In accordance with the current legislation, the basic functions of the developer are:

Obtaining a building permit;

Obtaining the right to limited use of neighboring land plots (servitudes) for the duration of construction;

Involvement of a work contractor (contractor in case of a contract construction method) for the implementation of work on the construction of a real estate object;

Ensuring the construction of project documentation that has passed the examination and approved in the prescribed manner;

Involvement, in cases provided for by law, of the designer's supervision of the construction of the facility;

Notification of the start of any work at the construction site of the state control (supervision) bodies that control this object;

Ensuring the safety of work at the construction site for the environment and the population;

Ensuring the safety of the completed construction of the property for users, the environment and the population;

Making decisions on the start, suspension, conservation, termination of construction, on the commissioning of a completed property.

Note - The developer can be an investor. The relationship between a developer and an investor who is not a developer is determined by an agreement between them.

3.3 The developer, in order to carry out his functions to ensure the development, examination and approval of project documentation, to obtain a construction permit, his functions as a customer when conducting construction by a contract method, to perform technical supervision of construction, as well as to interact with state supervision and local government authorities, may involve in accordance with the current legislation (Article 749) a specialized organization or a specialist of the appropriate qualification, which is confirmed in the prescribed manner.

The transfer by the developer of its functions and the corresponding responsibility to the involved organization or specialist is formalized by an agreement between them.

With the contract method of construction, the relationship between the customer and the contractor is determined by the building contract (, Chapter 37, § 3).

3.4 In case of a contract construction method, the contractor is responsible for the safety of actions at the construction site for the environment and the population and labor safety during construction in accordance with applicable law (Article 751, part 1).

If it is necessary to conserve the construction, the contractor delivers the unfinished object to the developer (customer), along with responsibility for the safety of the environment and the population.

3.5 Construction must be carried out according to design documentation that has passed the examination, agreed and approved in the prescribed manner (, Art. 61).

After three years from the date of issuance of a building permit, when extending, in accordance with the current legislation (Article 62, part 8), its validity period, the local government may require, if necessary, an adjustment of the project documentation in accordance with the regulatory documents that have changed during this time in terms of safety requirements.

3.6 The performer of works (contractor) exercises production control over compliance with the requirements established in the design and regulatory documentation applicable to the facility during the construction process.

3.7 The developer (customer) has the right to exercise control (technical supervision) over the progress and quality of the work performed, compliance with their deadlines, the quality and correct use of the materials, products, equipment used, without interfering in the operational and economic activities of the contractor (, Art. 715, part 1 , item 748, part 1).

3.8 During the construction of hazardous production facilities, the developer of design documentation under an agreement with the developer, in accordance with applicable law, exercises architectural supervision over compliance with the requirements that ensure the safety of the facility.

3.9 Construction in accordance with the current legislation is carried out under the control of local governments and state control (supervision). To ensure this possibility, the said authorities must be notified in advance by the developer (customer) about the timing of the start of work at the construction site, about the suspension, conservation and (or) termination of construction, about the readiness of the facility for commissioning.

3.10 To ensure the principle of unity of rules and methods of testing and measurement established by law (Article 3), the methods and means of control performed by all participants in the construction must be standard or certified in the prescribed manner, and control tests and measurements must be performed by qualified personnel.

3.11 Upon completion of the construction of the facility, an assessment is made of the compliance of the completed facility with the requirements of the current legislation, design and regulatory documentation, as well as its acceptance in accordance with the terms of the contract for the contract construction method.

Federal Law "On Technical Regulation"

Article 2. Basic concepts

Conformity assessment- direct or indirect determination of compliance with the requirements for the object.

3.12 The assessment of the compliance of the completed construction facility with the requirements for its safety established by the technical regulations, as well as regulatory documents and standards, which are the evidence base for compliance with the requirements of technical regulations, is carried out by state control (supervision) bodies and is certified by the final conclusion (certificate) of the state architectural and construction supervision body, issued to the developer (customer) and confirming the possibility of safe operation of the facility when it enters the sphere of circulation (Article 33, part 2), or the signatures of responsible representatives of state control (supervision) bodies in the act of acceptance of the facility by the acceptance committee.

3.13 With the contract method of construction, upon its completion, the developer (customer) performs acceptance of the work performed by the contractor.

Civil Code of the Russian Federation

Article 753. Delivery and acceptance of work

1. The customer, having received the contractor's notice of readiness to hand over the result of the work performed under the construction contract or, if it is provided for by the contract, of the completed stage of work, is obliged to immediately begin to accept it.

2. In the cases provided for by law or other legal acts, representatives of state bodies and local self-government bodies must participate in the acceptance of the result of work.

The developer (customer) can accept the property from the contractor after receiving the final conclusion (certificate) of the State Architectural Supervision Authority if such a sequence of actions was established by the construction contract at its conclusion.

The assessment of the conformity of the completed construction object and its acceptance into operation can be carried out simultaneously when the object is accepted by the state acceptance (acceptance) commission.

3.14 Responsibility for the proper maintenance of the object, its safety for users of the environment and the public, compliance with the requirements of fire, sanitary, environmental standards and rules during operation in accordance with applicable law lies with its owner (, art. 20).

4 PREPARATION FOR CONSTRUCTION

4.1 The developer (customer) determines the contractor for the work:

Contractor (general contractor) on the basis of a construction contract with a contract method of construction, including based on the results of a tender;

On the basis of its own administrative documentation in the course of construction by an organization that combines the functions of a developer (customer) and a contractor.

4.2 The contractor involved in accordance with 4.1 must have licenses to carry out those types of construction activities that are subject to licensing in accordance with applicable law,.

The ability to fulfill the requirements of legislation on labor protection, the environment and the population during the construction process, as well as the ability to perform all types of control necessary to assess the compliance of the work performed with the requirements of design, regulatory documentation and (or) the terms of the contract, is provided by the organizational and technological documentation of the contractor.

The contractor can confirm his ability to ensure the quality of construction by the availability of a duly certified Quality Management System.

4.3 The developer (customer) transfers the design documentation to the work contractor:

Approved part, including the construction organization project (COS);

Working documentation for the entire facility or for certain stages of work.

The project documentation must be approved for work by the developer (customer) with the signature of the responsible person or by stamping.

4.4 A construction organization design to ensure compliance with mandatory safety requirements usually contains:

Measures to ensure the strength and stability of the erected and existing buildings and structures during the construction process;

For complex and unique objects - programs of necessary research, testing and regime observations, including the organization of stations, ranges, measuring posts, etc.;

Solutions for the organization of transport, water supply, sewerage, energy supply, communications, solutions for the construction of structures, construction in difficult climatic conditions, as well as cramped conditions;

Measures to temporarily restrict traffic, change transport routes;

Situational construction plan with the location of junctions with railway lines, river and sea berths, temporary settlements, etc.;

The procedure and conditions for the use and restoration of territories located outside the land plot owned by the developer (customer), in accordance with the established easements;

Calendar construction plan, taking into account the duration of easements for the temporary use of foreign territories;

The list of works and structures, the quality indicators of which affect the safety of the facility and during the construction process are subject to assessment of compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents and standards, which are the evidence base for compliance with the requirements of technical regulations;

Deadlines for the completion of unfinished (seasonal) work, the procedure for their acceptance;

Methods and means of performing control and testing (including through references to relevant regulatory documents).

4.5 In cases where a construction organization project is not developed as part of the project documentation, the developer (customer), together with the designer and the contractor (contractor), determine the procedure for accepting the completed construction object, as well as a list of control procedures for assessing compliance, performed in the process construction upon completion of certain phases.

4.6 The performer of works (contractor), in accordance with the current legislation (Article 716, part 1), performs the input control of the documentation transferred to him for execution under 4.3, transfers to the developer (customer) a list of deficiencies identified in it, checks their elimination. The term for the implementation of the input control of project documentation is established in the contract.

At the same time, the contractor can check the possibility of implementing the project using known methods, determining, if necessary, the need to develop new technological methods and equipment, as well as the possibility of acquiring materials, products and equipment, the use of which is provided for by the design documentation, and the compliance of the actual location of places and conditions for connecting temporary engineering communications (networks) to permanent networks to provide the construction site with electricity, water, heat, steam specified in the project documentation.

4.7 The developer (customer) must prepare the territory of the construction site for construction, ensuring the timely start of work, including transferring the buildings and structures necessary for the work to be used by the work contractor, ensuring the resettlement of persons and organizations located in buildings to be demolished, ensuring the supply of engineering networks, transportation of goods (, art. 747).

4.8 The developer (customer) must ensure the removal of the geodetic marking base to the site by the local body of architecture and urban planning or, on his behalf, by a specialized organization, accept it according to the act (, article 27, part 1).

4.9 Upon receipt of the project documentation, the work contractor should check whether the organizational and technological documentation used by him contains documented procedures for all types of production quality control, check their completeness and, if necessary, correct them, and develop the missing ones.

4.10 On the basis of the project documentation, the work contractor should prepare layouts for the axes of buildings and structures that are broken in nature, signs for fixing these axes and mounting landmarks, as well as layouts for structures and their elements relative to these axes and landmarks. Schemes are developed based on the condition that the axes and landmarks, broken in kind, should be technologically accessible for observation while monitoring the accuracy of the position of structural elements at all stages of construction. At the same time, if necessary, it is necessary to correct the existing one or develop a methodology for performing and controlling the accuracy of geodetic marking work, rules for applying and fixing mounting landmarks.

4.11 The work contractor, if necessary, should train personnel, as well as conclude contracts with accredited laboratories to perform those types of tests that the work contractor cannot perform on his own.

4.12 When preparing for construction and installation work on the territory of existing production facilities, the administration of the developer and the contractor appoint a person responsible for the operational management of the work and determine the procedure for coordinated actions. At the same time, they determine and agree on:

Volumes, technological sequence, terms of construction and installation works, as well as the conditions for their combination with the work of production shops and sections of the reconstructed enterprise;

The order of operational management, including the actions of builders and operators, in case of emergency;

The sequence of disassembly of structures, as well as the dismantling or transfer of engineering networks, places and conditions for connecting temporary networks of water supply, electricity, etc., places for performing executive surveys;

The procedure for the use by builders of the services of the enterprise and its technical means;

Conditions for organizing the complete and priority supply of equipment and materials, transportation, storage of goods and movement of construction equipment on the territory of the enterprise, as well as the placement of temporary buildings and structures and (or) the use of buildings, structures and premises of an existing production enterprise for the needs of construction.

4.13 Measures to close streets, restrict traffic, change the movement of public transport, provided for by the construction plan and agreed upon during its development, before starting work, are finally agreed with the State Inspectorate for Road Safety of the Internal Affairs Bodies and transport and communication institutions of the local government. Once the need for restrictions has ceased, these authorities should be notified.

4.14 Construction participants, by their administrative documents (orders), appoint officials personally responsible for the facility:

responsible representative of the technical supervision of the developer (customer) - an official responsible for conducting technical supervision;

responsible work foreman - an official responsible for the performance and quality of work;

responsible representative of the designer - an official responsible for conducting architectural supervision, in cases where architectural supervision is carried out.

These officials must have the appropriate qualifications.

For an object erected by an organization that performs the functions of a developer (customer) and a performer of work (contractor), these officials are appointed by the head of this organization. At the same time, the combination of the functions of a responsible work foreman and a responsible representative of technical supervision by one unit or an official of this organization is unacceptable.

4.15 The developer (customer) in advance, but no later than 7 working days before the start of work at the construction site, sends a notice to the relevant body of the State Architectural Supervision Authority about the start of construction work, submitting at the same time:

A copy of the building permit issued in the prescribed manner;

Copies of licenses for the right to perform construction and installation works by contractors (if necessary, also a license to perform the functions of a customer) for this type of facility, as well as a copy of the certificate for the quality management system of the contractor, if any;

Design documentation (coordinated and approved in the prescribed manner) in an amount sufficient to complete the declared construction stage;

Safety solutions;

A copy of the construction plan agreed in the prescribed manner;

Orders of the developer or the customer and the contractor (in the case of a contract construction method), as well as the designer, in the presence of architectural supervision, on the appointment of responsible officials for the construction of the facility;

A copy of the document on setting out the development control lines and the geodetic staking base;

Laced general and special work magazines.

If it is necessary to perform construction and installation work on the territory of existing production facilities, the documents provided for in 4.12.

5 CONSTRUCTION WORKS

5.1 Prior to the start of any work, the construction site and hazardous work zones outside it are fenced off in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents.

At the entrance to the site, information boards are installed indicating the name of the object, the name of the developer (customer), the performer of the work (contractor, general contractor), the names, positions and telephone numbers of the responsible foreman of work on the facility and the representative of the State Architectural Supervision Authority or local government in charge of construction, start dates and completion of works, schemes of the object.

The name and telephone number of the performer of the work are also applied on the inventory fencing panels of work places outside the construction site, mobile buildings and structures, large-sized equipment items, cable drums, etc.

At the request of the local government, the construction site can be equipped with devices or bins for collecting garbage, as well as points for cleaning or washing the wheels of vehicles at the exits, and at linear facilities - in places indicated by the local government.

If it is necessary to temporarily use certain territories not included in the construction site for construction needs that do not pose a danger to the population and the environment, the mode of use, protection (if necessary) and cleaning of these territories is determined by agreement with the owners of these territories (for public territories - with local government).

5.2 The performer of works must provide access to the territory of the construction site and the object under construction to the representatives of the developer (customer), state control (supervision), architectural supervision and local self-government bodies; provide them with the necessary documentation.

5.3 In cases where the construction site is located in an area exposed to adverse natural phenomena and geological processes (mudflows, avalanches, landslides, landslides, waterlogging, flooding, etc.), prior to the start of construction work on special projects, priority measures and work are carried out to protection of the territory from these processes.

5.4 Associated development of natural resources can be carried out if there is appropriate documentation agreed and approved in the prescribed manner.

5.5 The work contractor ensures the safety of work for the environment, while:

Provides cleaning of the construction site and the adjacent five-meter zone; garbage and snow must be removed at the places and terms established by the local government;

Performs work in protected protected and sanitary zones in accordance with special rules;

Unauthorized reduction of trees and shrubs is not allowed;

It is not allowed to release water from the construction site without protection against surface erosion;

During drilling operations, it takes measures to prevent the outflow of groundwater;

Performs neutralization and organization of industrial and domestic wastewater;

Carries out works on melioration and change of the existing relief only in accordance with the approved state supervision bodies and approved project documentation.

In the event that objects of historical, cultural or other value are discovered during the work, the performer of the work suspends the ongoing work and notifies the institutions and authorities stipulated by law about the discovered objects.

5.6 Temporary buildings and structures for the needs of construction are erected (installed) at the construction site specifically to ensure construction and after its completion are subject to liquidation.

Temporary buildings and structures, as well as individual premises in existing buildings and structures adapted for use for construction needs, must comply with the requirements of technical regulations and building, fire, sanitary and epidemiological norms and rules applicable to household, industrial, administrative and residential buildings, structures and premises.

The composition of temporary buildings and structures located on the territory of the construction site must be determined by the construction general plan developed as part of the construction organization project.

5.7 Temporary buildings and structures that are part of a temporary settlement are located on the territory of the developer in accordance with the project of this settlement, which should include the demolition of the temporary settlement and land reclamation, cost estimates for these works.

The project of a temporary settlement and the project of its demolition are approved by the developer in agreement with the bodies of the State Fire Service, sanitary and epidemiological, environmental supervision and the local government that issued the permit for the construction of the facility, as well as representatives of employees, if the latter is provided for by agreements between them and the employer.

5.8 In cases where the subsequent transfer of temporary settlements, buildings and structures for permanent operation is envisaged, projects of temporary settlements, buildings and structures are developed, agreed and approved in the manner established for the design of settlements, buildings and structures intended for permanent use for their intended purpose.

5.9 Temporary buildings and structures located on the construction site are put into operation by the decision of the responsible foreman of the facility. Commissioning is formalized by an act or an entry in the work log.

Commissioning of buildings and structures on the territory of temporary settlements according to 5.8 is carried out on a general basis.

5.10 When demolishing buildings and structures in order to prepare a construction site for construction, labor safety requirements must be met in accordance with the current regulatory documentation.

When used for demolition by explosions, burning or other potentially dangerous methods, a cordon must be set up. All persons at the construction site, as well as legal (individual) persons - owners of adjacent territories, must be notified about the moment of explosion, burning or collapse.

5.11 The Contractor provides warehousing and storage of materials and products in accordance with the requirements of standards and specifications for these materials and products.

If violations of the established rules of warehousing and storage are revealed, the contractor must immediately eliminate them. The use of improperly stored and stored materials and products by the work contractor must be suspended until the issue of the possibility of their use without compromising the quality of construction by the developer (customer) is resolved, with the involvement, if necessary, of representatives of the designer and the state control (supervision) body. This decision must be documented.

5.12 When performing work related to the arrangement of temporary excavations and other obstacles in the territory of the existing building, the construction organization performing the work provides the passage of vehicles and access to houses by constructing bridges, footbridges with handrails, ladders in agreement with the owner of the territory. After completion of the work, these devices must be removed from the territory.

Places of work, as well as temporary passages and passages should be lit.

Organizational and technological solutions should be focused on minimizing the inconvenience caused by construction work to the population. To this end, the laying of communications in the urban area along the streets and roads should be carried out according to a schedule that takes into account their simultaneous laying; for the restoration of landscaping, plots should be leased, as a rule, no more than one block in length; restoration work should be carried out in two or three shifts; asphalt concrete waste, construction debris should be removed in a timely manner and in the manner prescribed by the local government.

5.13 Work related to the opening of the surface at the locations of existing underground utilities and structures must be carried out in compliance with the special rules established by the ministries and departments operating these communications, as well as the following additional rules.

5.13.1 In accordance with the current rules for the protection of underground utilities, the performer of the work must call in advance to the place of work representatives of organizations operating existing underground utilities and structures, and in their absence, representatives of organizations that have agreed on project documentation.

5.13.2 Representatives of operating organizations who arrived at the site are presented with project documentation and axes or dimensions of the intended excavation. Together with the operating organization, the actual position of existing underground utilities and structures is determined on site (by drilling or otherwise), marked on the ground and applied to the working drawings. Representatives of operating organizations hand over to the contractor instructions on measures to ensure the safety of existing underground utilities and structures and on the need to call them to inspect hidden work and at the time of backfilling of excavations.

Organizations that did not appear and did not notify of the absence of communications and facilities operated by them at the work site are called again the day before with simultaneous notification of local governments, which decide on further actions in case of repeated absence of representatives of these organizations. Until the decision is made, work cannot begin.

5.13.3 Opened communications, if necessary, at the direction of the operating organizations, must be suspended or secured in another way and protected from damage; the condition of suspensions and protective devices should be systematically checked and put in order.

5.13.4 If unspecified underground communications and structures are found, work should be suspended, and representatives of the operating organizations, design organization, developer (customer) should be called to the place of work. If the owner of an unknown communication is not identified, a representative of the local government is called, who decides to involve the necessary services. If necessary, the project documentation should be amended in accordance with the established procedure with repeated approvals.

5.14 The contractor maintains executive documentation:

A set of working drawings with inscriptions on the compliance of the work performed in kind with these drawings or on the changes made to them in agreement with the designer, made by persons responsible for the construction and installation works;

Geodetic as-built schemes, made in accordance with the requirements of the current regulatory documentation.

5.15 As soon as works and structures are ready, the quality indicators of which affect the safety of the facility and are subject to assessment of compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents and standards, which are the evidence base for compliance with the requirements of technical regulations, the performer of the work notifies the developer (customer), representatives of state authorities no later than 3 working days control (supervision) and architectural supervision on the timing of the implementation of the relevant procedure.

The shortcomings identified by such a procedure should be eliminated.

Until the identified deficiencies are eliminated and the relevant acts are drawn up, further work is unacceptable.

5.16 If it is necessary to stop work or suspend it for a period of more than 6 months, the object is conserved (bringing the object and the territory used for construction to a state that ensures the strength, stability and safety of the main structures and the safety of the object for the population and the environment).

5.16.1 The decision to stop or suspend construction is made by the developer (customer) and notifies the contractor (contractor), the local government, as well as the relevant state supervision bodies of the decision. The developer (customer) and the performer of work, no later than a month later, draw up an act of acceptance of the completed part of the object with a description of the condition of the object, indicating the volume and cost of the work performed, a list of equipment, materials and structures used (mounted) at the facility, a list of unused and storage equipment , materials and structures, a list of works necessary for the safety of the facility and unused equipment, materials and structures.

5.16.2 The fact of termination or suspension of construction within three days must also be notified, if necessary, to the traffic police of the internal affairs bodies in order to cancel the previously imposed restrictions on the movement of vehicles and pedestrians, as well as the owners of territories included in the territory of the construction site in accordance with the approved and agreed building plan.

5.16.3 If necessary, the designer, under an agreement with the developer (customer), develops working drawings and an estimate for the conservation of the facility, and the contractor (executor of work) performs the work provided for by these working drawings and estimates.

5.16.4 The mothballed object and the construction site are transferred under the act to the developer (customer). The act is accompanied by as-built documentation, a work log, as well as documents on surveys, inspections, control tests, measurements carried out during construction, documents of suppliers confirming the compliance of materials, works, structures, process equipment and engineering systems of the facility with the project and the requirements of regulatory documents.

6 CONSTRUCTION QUALITY CONTROL.

SUPERVISION OF CONSTRUCTION

6.1 Production quality control of construction is carried out by the contractor and includes:

Input control of project documentation provided by the developer (customer);

Acceptance of the geodetic center base made in nature;

Input control of applied materials, products;

Operational control during the execution and upon completion of operations;

Compliance assessment of the work performed, the results of which become unavailable for control after the start of the subsequent work.

6.1.1 During the input control of project documentation, all submitted documentation, including the POS and working documentation, should be analyzed, while checking:

Its completeness;

Compliance with the design axial dimensions and the geodetic base;

Availability of approvals and approvals;

Availability of references to materials and products;

Compliance of the boundaries of the construction site on the construction general plan with the established easements;

Availability of a list of works and structures, the quality indicators of which affect the safety of the facility and are subject to conformity assessment during the construction process;

The presence of limit values controlled according to the specified list of parameters, permissible levels of non-compliance for each of them;

Availability of instructions on methods of control and measurements, including in the form of references to the relevant regulatory documents.

If deficiencies are found, the relevant documentation is returned for revision.

6.1.2 The contractor performs the acceptance of the geodetic marking base provided to him by the developer (customer), checks its compliance with the established requirements for accuracy, reliability of fixing signs on the ground; for this purpose it may involve independent experts. Acceptance of the geodetic staking base from the developer (customer) should be formalized by the relevant act.

6.1.3 The input control in accordance with the current legislation checks the compliance of the quality indicators of the purchased (received) materials, products and equipment with the requirements of the standards, specifications or technical certificates for them specified in the design documentation and (or) the contract.

At the same time, the presence and content of the accompanying documents of the supplier (manufacturer) confirming the quality of the specified materials, products and equipment are checked.

If necessary, control measurements and tests of the above indicators can be performed. Methods and means of these measurements and tests must comply with the requirements of standards, specifications and (or) technical certificates for materials, products and equipment.

The results of input control must be documented.

6.1.4 If control and testing are carried out by involved accredited laboratories, it is necessary to check the compliance of the control and test methods used by them with the established standards and (or) technical specifications for controlled products.

6.1.5 Materials, products, equipment, the non-compliance of which with the established requirements is revealed by the input control, should be separated from suitable ones and marked. Work with the use of these materials, products and equipment should be suspended. The developer (customer) must be notified of the suspension of work and its reasons.

One of three decisions can be made in accordance with the law:

The Supplier replaces non-conforming materials, products, equipment with appropriate ones;

Nonconforming products are being finalized;

Inappropriate materials, products can be used after mandatory agreement with the developer (customer), designer and state control (supervision) body within its competence.

6.1.6 Operational control performer checks:

Compliance with the sequence and composition of the technological operations performed by the technological and regulatory documentation applicable to these technological operations;

Compliance with technological regimes established by technological maps and regulations;

Compliance of the quality indicators of the performance of operations and their results with the requirements of design and technological documentation, as well as regulatory documentation applicable to these technological operations.

Places for performing control operations, their frequency, performers, methods and measuring instruments, forms for recording results, decision-making procedures in case of identifying non-compliance with established requirements must comply with the requirements of design, technological and regulatory documentation.

The results of operational control should be documented.

6.2 During the construction process, an assessment should be made of the work performed, the results of which affect the safety of the facility, but, in accordance with the accepted technology, become unavailable for control after the start of the subsequent work, as well as the completed building structures and sections of engineering networks, the elimination of defects of which, identified by the control, is impossible without dismantling or damaging subsequent structures and sections of engineering networks. Representatives of the relevant bodies of state supervision, architectural supervision, as well as, if necessary, independent experts may participate in these control procedures. The executor of the works not later than three working days notifies the other participants about the timing of the specified procedures.

6.2.1 The results of the acceptance of work hidden by subsequent work, in accordance with the requirements of the design and regulatory documentation, are documented in certificates of examination of hidden work (Appendix B). The builder (customer) may require a re-examination after the elimination of the identified defects.

6.2.2 To the procedure for assessing the conformity of individual structures, tiers of structures (floors), the performer of the work must submit certificates of examination of all hidden works that are part of these structures, geodetic executive schemes, as well as test reports for structures in cases provided for by design documentation and (or) a building contract . The developer (customer) can perform verification of the reliability of the executive geodetic schemes submitted by the contractor. To this end, the performer of the work must keep the alignment axes and mounting landmarks fixed in kind until the acceptance is completed.

The results of acceptance of individual structures must be documented in acts of intermediate acceptance of structures (Appendix D).

6.2.3 Tests of sections of engineering networks and mounted engineering equipment are carried out in accordance with the requirements of the relevant regulatory documents and are drawn up in acts of the form established by them.

6.2.4 If, as a result of the phased acceptance, defects in works, structures, sections of engineering networks are detected, the relevant acts should be drawn up only after the elimination of the identified defects.

In cases where subsequent work must begin after a break of more than 6 months from the moment the phased acceptance is completed, these procedures should be repeated before the resumption of work with the execution of the relevant acts.

6.3 The technical supervision of the developer (customer) of the construction is carried out by:

Checking that the contractor has quality documents (certificates in established cases) for the materials, products and equipment used by him, documented results of input control and laboratory tests;

Monitoring compliance by the contractor with the rules for warehousing and storage of materials, products and equipment used; if violations of these rules are detected, the technical supervision representative may prohibit the use of improperly stored and stored materials;

Control of compliance of the operational control performed by the contractor with the requirements of 6.1.6;

Control of the availability and correctness of the maintenance of as-built documentation by the contractor, including the assessment of the reliability of geodetic executive schemes of completed structures with selective control of the accuracy of the position of elements;

Control over the elimination of defects in the design documentation identified during the construction process, documented return of defective documentation to the designer, control and documented acceptance of the corrected documentation, its transfer to the contractor;

Monitoring the execution by the contractor of the instructions of state supervision bodies and local self-government;

Notification of state supervision authorities of all cases of emergency at the construction site;

Control of compliance of volumes and terms of performance of work with the terms of the contract and the construction schedule;

Assessment (together with the work contractor) of the compliance of the work performed, structures, sections of engineering networks, signing of bilateral acts confirming compliance; control over the fulfillment by the contractor of the work of the requirement on the inadmissibility of performing subsequent work before the signing of these acts;

The final assessment (together with the work contractor) of the compliance of the completed facility with the requirements of legislation, design and regulatory documentation.

To carry out technical supervision, the developer (customer), if necessary, forms a technical supervision service, providing it with design and necessary regulatory documentation, as well as control and measuring devices and tools.

6.4 In cases provided for by law, the developer of project documentation carries out architectural supervision of construction. The procedure for implementation and functions of architectural supervision are established by the relevant regulatory documents.

6.5 The remarks of the representatives of the technical supervision of the developer (customer) and architectural supervision are documented. The facts of elimination of defects according to the comments of these representatives are documented with their participation.

6.6 Architectural supervision of an architect is carried out by the author-architect on an initiative basis, regardless of the decision of the developer (customer) and the existence of a contract for architectural supervision of the object. The territorial authority for architecture and urban planning, at the request of the author, having verified his authorship, may issue an order to the developer (customer) to ensure the author's admission to the construction site, the possibility of making entries in the author's supervision journal. The claims of the author-architect regarding the implementation of architectural design solutions may be considered by the urban planning and architecture authority, whose decision is binding on the developer (customer).

6.7 State control (supervision) bodies assess the compliance of the construction process and the object being built with the requirements of legislation, technical regulations, design and regulatory documentation, appointed from the condition of ensuring the safety of the object during the construction process and after putting it into operation in accordance with the current legislation (, art. 33 , part 1).

State control (supervision) bodies assess the conformity of the construction process of a particular facility upon receipt from the developer (customer) of a notice of the start of construction work (4.15).

6.8 Assessment of the compliance of buildings and structures with mandatory safety requirements as products that pose a danger to life, health and property of users, the surrounding population, as well as the natural environment, and as products manufactured without testing a type sample in a single copy at the place of operation and not reaching the final functional characteristics before commissioning, is performed in the following forms:

Inspection checks of completeness, composition, timeliness, reliability and documentation of production control (6.1);

Inspection checks of the completeness, composition, reliability and documentation of procedures for surveying concealed works, intermediate acceptance of completed structures, structures, as well as load-bearing structures of buildings and structures in cases where these tests are provided for by design documentation.

6.9 Representatives of state control (supervision) bodies, upon notification of the contractor, may participate, in accordance with their authority, in the procedures for assessing the conformity of the results of work hidden by subsequent work, and individual structures according to 6.2.

6.10 When discrepancies are identified, the state control (supervision) bodies apply the sanctions provided for by the current legislation (, Art. 34).

6.11 Administrative control over construction in order to limit the adverse impact of construction and installation works on the population and territory in the zone of influence of ongoing construction is carried out by local governments or organizations authorized by them (administrative inspections, etc.) in the manner prescribed by current legislation.

Supervision consists in preliminarily establishing the conditions for conducting construction (dimensions of the construction site fencing, temporary work schedule, removal of debris, maintaining order in the adjacent territory, etc.) and monitoring compliance with these conditions during construction. The builder is responsible to the local self-government body, unless otherwise provided by the agreements.

7 ACCEPTANCE AND COMMISSIONING

COMPLETED OBJECTS

7.1 Upon completion of the work provided for by the design and estimate documentation, as well as the construction contract (with the contract method of construction), construction participants with the participation of authorities and (or) self-government, organizations authorized by these bodies, state control (supervision) bodies carry out a final assessment of the conformity of the completed construction of the facility in the form of acceptance and commissioning (Article 7, part 3). The composition of the participants and the procedures for assessing compliance with mandatory requirements are determined by the relevant technical regulations, and before their adoption - by building codes and regulations, including territorial and departmental ones, in force at the time of acceptance on the territory of the facility. In this case, it is recommended to additionally be guided by the following provisions, which specify certain mandatory requirements of regulatory documents.

7.2 The assessment of the compliance of an object with mandatory requirements can be organizationally combined with the acceptance of the object by the developer (customer) under a construction contract (, art. 753).

In this regard, during the acceptance process, additional procedures may be carried out and additional documents not provided for by regulatory documents may be drawn up.

7.3 Conformity assessment can be carried out by the state acceptance (acceptance) commission, depending on the requirements of specific technical regulations, building codes and regulations or territorial building codes.

7.4 The conformity assessment procedures for the acceptance of an object are carried out by the developer (customer) or, on his behalf, by the technical supervision service with the participation of the performer of the work (contractor) and, depending on the type of object, representatives of state control (supervision) and local self-government bodies (, art. 753), organizations (organizations) that will operate the facility after it is put into operation, territorial organizations operating external engineering networks. The developer (customer) may also involve an independent expert (experts).

7.5 When accepting an object built by an organization that performs several functions of construction participants, including the functions of a developer (customer) and a performer of work (contractor), representatives of the functional services of this organization are included in the acceptance participants; at the same time, the combination of several functions by one official is unacceptable.

7.6 The design organization takes part in the acceptance if architectural supervision was carried out during the construction of the facility.

7.7 If the construction participants decide to accept an object with an incomplete composition of finishing and internal engineering equipment and bring the object to full readiness at the expense of users (owners), the structures and work that ensure the safety of objects for the life and health of people and the environment must be fully implemented .

Works on interior decoration of premises, as well as installation of some engineering and technological equipment may remain unfinished.

The scope of work performed by users must be precisely defined in contracts or other documents regulating relations between participants in the investment process, and also reflected in project documentation.

7.8 Seasonal works on planting green spaces, the device of the upper surfaces of roads and sidewalks can be postponed to a later date agreed with the municipal authorities.

7.9 Conformity assessment in the form of acceptance into operation of a completed construction facility is completed by drawing up an acceptance certificate in the forms KS-11 or KS-14, established by the Decree of the Goskomstat of Russia in agreement with the Gosstroy of Russia No. 71a of 10/30/97 (as amended by Decree No. 99). These forms of acts may have modifications established by territorial or departmental regulatory documents for the acceptance into operation of completed construction facilities.

7.10 Warranty obligations for buildings, structures and their elements and warranty periods are established by work contracts in accordance with applicable law (Articles 722-724, 755, 756).

7.11 The developer (customer), who accepted the object without carrying out conformity assessment procedures, in accordance with the current legislation, is deprived of the right to refer to the shortcomings that could be identified as a result of the implementation of these procedures (obvious shortcomings) (, art. 720, part 3).

7.12 Operation of the object, including settlement, as well as work to bring apartments and premises to final readiness, provided for by contracts for their sale or co-investment, until the completion of acceptance is unacceptable.

APPENDIX A

(reference)

TERMS USED IN THIS DOCUMENT AND THEIR DEFINITIONS

	Definition
Customer	A legal or natural person concluding a work contract or a state contract for the construction of a real estate object and performing its duties in accordance with the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. The customer may be the developer or another person authorized by the developer
Contractor	A legal or natural person who performs work under a work contract and (or) a state contract concluded with a customer in accordance with the Civil Code of the Russian Federation
Construction products	Completed buildings and other building structures, as well as their complexes
Building construction (construction)	A single result of construction activity, intended for the implementation of certain consumer functions
	Surface building structure with premises for living and (or) activities of people, placement of production facilities for storing products or keeping animals
room	The space inside the building, which has a certain functional purpose and is limited by building structures
Building construction	Part of a building or other building structure that performs certain load-bearing, enclosing and (or) aesthetic functions
Building product (product)	Product intended for use as an element of building structures of buildings and structures
building material (material)	Material (including piece) intended for the creation of building structures of buildings and structures and the manufacture of building products
Construction object	A complex of buildings and (or) structures, a separate building or structure or its autonomous part, being built for a specific developer under one building permit
Reconstruction of a building (structure)	A set of construction works and organizational and technical measures related to a change in the main technical and economic indicators (number and area of apartments, building volume and total area of the building, capacity or throughput, etc.) or its purpose
Repair of a building (structure)	A set of construction works and organizational and technical measures to eliminate physical and moral deterioration, not related to changes in the main technical indicators of the building or its purpose
Construction site	Fenced territory used for placement of a construction object under construction, temporary buildings and structures, machinery, soil dumps, storage of building materials, products, equipment and construction and installation works
Finished object	A construction object in a composition that allows the possibility of its independent use for its intended purpose, on which it is made in accordance with the requirements of design, regulatory and technical documentation and bearing, enclosing structures and engineering systems are adopted, which together ensure the strength and stability of the building (structure), protection from atmospheric impacts, temperature conditions, safety of users, population and environment

FORM OF THE CERTIFICATE CERTIFICATE OF HIDDEN WORKS

ACT No. _____

inspection of hidden work performed on construction

________________________________________________________________________

"___" ___________ 200 ____

We, the undersigned:

Responsible representative of the contractor

_________________________________________________________________________________

(surname, initials, organization, position)

as well as persons additionally participating in the examination:

_________________________________________________________________________________

(surname, initials, organization, position)

_________________________________________________________________________________

(surname, initials, organization, position)

inspected the work performed by _______________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

(name of the contractor (executor of work)

1. The following works have been presented for examination______________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

(name of hidden works)

_________________________________________________________________________________

3. When performing work, _________________________________________________ were applied

(name of materials, structures, products with reference

_________________________________________________________________________________

on passports or other quality documents)

_________________________________________________________________________________

The work contractor presented the following additional evidence of the compliance of the work with the requirements for them, attached (not attached) to this act

_________________________________________________________________________________

(executive schemes and drawings, laboratory conclusions, etc.)

4. When performing work, there are no (or allowed) deviations from the design and estimate documentation _____________________________________________________________________

5. Dates: start of work _____________________________

completion of work _____________________________

6. The work was carried out in accordance with the design and estimate documentation and the requirements of the current regulatory documents.

Based on the foregoing, it is allowed to carry out subsequent work on the device (installation) ________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

(name of subsequent works and designs)

Additional Information:

_________________________________________________________________________________

FORM OF THE ACT OF ACCEPTANCE OF RESPONSIBLE STRUCTURES

ACT No._____

intermediate acceptance of critical structures (systems)

_____________________________________________________________________

(name of structures (systems)

performed on construction _________________________________________________

(name and location of the object)

"___" ____________ 200_____

We, the undersigned:

Responsible representative of the work performer (contractor)

_________________________________________________________________________________

(surname, initials, organization, position)

Responsible representative of technical supervision

_________________________________________________________________________________

(surname, initials, organization, position)

_________________________________________________________________________________

(surname, initials, organization, position)

as well as persons additionally participating in the acceptance:

_________________________________________________________________________________

(surname, initials, organization, position)

_________________________________________________________________________________

(surname, initials, organization, position)

inspected the structures (systems) made by __________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

(name of the performer of works (contractor)

and have drawn up this act as follows:

1. The following designs (systems) are presented for acceptance

_________________________________________________________________________________

(list and brief description of structures)

2. The work was carried out according to the design and estimate documentation

_________________________________________________________________________________

(name of the design organization, number of drawings and date of their compilation or identification parameters of the sketch or entry in the author's supervision log)

3. When performing work, _________________________________________________ were applied

(name of materials,

_________________________________________________________________________________

4. Concealed works included in structures (systems)

_________________________________________________________________________________

(specify the types of hidden work and the number of certificates of their examination)

5. Documents were presented confirming the compliance of works, structures and systems, including:

a) executive geodetic schemes of the position of structures

_________________________________________________________________________________

(dates, numbers, artist's name)

b) conclusions of the construction laboratory on the actual strength of concrete

_________________________________________________________________________________

(dates, numbers, artist's name or date of entry in the work log)

c) documents on quality control of welded joints

_________________________________________________________________________________

d) laboratory journals, work journals and other necessary production documentation confirming the quality of the work performed ___________________________.

6. Necessary tests and tests have been carried out

_________________________________________________________________________________

(names of tests are indicated,

_________________________________________________________________________________

No. and dates of documents)

7. When performing work, deviations from the design and estimate documentation were established

_________________________________________________________________________________

(if there are deviations, indicate who agreed, the number of drawings and the date of approval)

8. Dates: start of work ________________________________

completion of work ________________________________

9. The presented structures (systems) are made in accordance with the design estimates, building codes and regulations, standards and are considered accepted.

10. Based on the foregoing:

a) it is allowed to use structures for their intended purpose _______; or it is allowed to use structures for their intended purpose with a load in the amount of _______% of the design load; or full loading is permitted under the following conditions:

_________________________________________________________________________________

b) the following works are allowed:

_________________________________________________________________________________

(name of works and structures)

Additional Information:

_________________________________________________________________________________

Attached to this document are:

_________________________________________________________________________________

FORM OF THE GENERAL JOURNAL OF WORKS

GENERAL JOURNAL OF WORKS No. _____

for the construction of the facility _________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

(complex, building, structure)

Address ___________________________________________________________________________

Construction participants

The organization responsible for the execution of works on the object ________________________

(legal or natural person who has received a permit to perform construction and installation works (general contractor, performer of works)

Name and postal details, telephone _______________________________________________

Supervisor _____________________________________________________________________

Responsible manufacturers of work on the facility (subject to registration with the territorial body of the State Architectural Supervision Authority):

Responsible for maintaining the work log ______________________________________________

Organization responsible for the construction site _______________________________________

(to be filled in if site management is entrusted to a separate organization)

Responsible official for the construction site _____________________________________

Developer (customer)

(legal or natural person who has received a building permit)

Name and postal details, phone number __________________________________________

Supervisor ______________________________________________________________________

Responsible representatives of technical supervision (subject to registration with the territorial body of Gosarchstroynadzor) (to be filled in if technical supervision is carried out by employees of the developer (customer):

Technical Supervision _______________________________________________________________

(to be filled in if technical supervision is carried out by a third party)

Name and postal details, phone number __________________________________________

Supervisor ______________________________________________________________________

Responsible representatives of the technical supervision of the facility (subject to registration with the territorial body of the State Architectural Supervision Authority):

Gosarchstroynadzor body in charge of the facility

Name and postal details __________________________________________________

Supervisor ______________________________________________________________________

Curator of the object _________________ phone ____________________________________________

Other artists works on the object (subcontractors) and the work performed by them. Specify: name and postal details, full name. managers and foremen of work on the object _________________________________________________________

Organizations that have developed design and estimate documentation and the parts of the project documentation executed by them. Specify: name and postal details, full name. the head, as well as the heads of architectural supervision, if such supervision is carried out at the facility.

__________________________________________________________________________________

Log information

This magazine has ________ numbered and laced pages. The journal covers the period from _______ to _______ (to be filled in if several logs were kept during the construction)

Position, surname, name, patronymic and signature of the head of the organization that issued the journal

__________________________________________________________________________________

Date of issue, seal of the organization

__________________________________________________________________________________

Notes of changes in records on the title page

	Change in records with reason

General information about the object

Basic indicators object under construction (number of floors, number of apartments, area, power, productivity, capacity, etc.) and the estimated cost at the time of construction

__________________________________________________________________________________

Beginning of work:

Completion of work (acceptance for operation):

according to the plan (contract) ____________ actually ____________

Approving authority and date project approval __________________________________

Section 1

List of engineering and technical personnel employed in the construction of the facility

Section 2

List of special journals of works, as well as journals of author's supervision

Section 3

List of acts of intermediate acceptance of critical structures and survey of hidden works

Section 4

Information about the production of works and quality control

Section 5

Comments of regulatory authorities and services

INSTRUCTIONS FOR KEEPING A GENERAL JOURNAL OF WORK

1. The general work log is the main primary production document that reflects the technological sequence, timing, quality of performance and conditions for the production of construction and installation works. The main purpose of the journal is to ensure the traceability by managers and executors of the results of work that determine the strength, stability and reliability of a building (structure).

2. A general log of works is maintained during the construction (reconstruction) of individual or groups of the same type buildings (structures) being built at the same time, located within the same construction site.

3. The general work log is maintained by the person responsible for the execution of work at the facility (responsible work foreman) and fills it out from the first day of work at the facility personally or instructs subordinate engineering and technical workers. Specialized construction and installation organizations keep special logs of work, which are kept by the responsible persons performing these works. Upon completion of the work, a special log is transferred to the organization responsible for the execution of work at the facility (general contractor).

4. The title page is filled out before the start of construction by the organization responsible for the execution of work on the facility with the participation of the other mentioned construction participants (design organization, customer, etc.).

5. The list of engineering and technical personnel employed in the construction of the facility (section 1) is compiled by the head of the organization responsible for the performance of work on the facility. It includes engineering and technical workers of this organization, as well as other organizations - performers of work on the facility (subcontractors).

6. Section 3 provides a list of all acts in calendar order.

7. Section 4 includes all work on parts and elements of buildings and structures subject to conformity assessment. If inconsistencies are identified, their brief description is given.

8. Section 4 is filled in by the person responsible for maintaining the general log of work, or by the engineering and technical workers authorized by him.

9. Regular information about the production of works (from the beginning to their completion), included in section 4, is the main part of the journal.

This part of the log should contain information about the beginning and end of work and reflect the progress of its implementation. The description of the work should be carried out according to the structural elements of the building or structure, indicating the axes, rows, marks, floors, tiers, sections and rooms where the work was performed. It should also provide brief information about the methods of work, materials used, finished products and structures, testing of equipment, systems, networks and devices (testing empty or under load, supplying electricity, pressure, testing for strength and tightness, etc.), deviations from working drawings (with indication of reasons) and their approval, availability and implementation of operational quality control schemes, corrections or alterations of the work performed. In addition, information is entered on significant changes at the construction site, including changes in the location of security, protective and signal fences, the transfer of transport and fire passages, the laying, relocation and dismantling of temporary engineering networks, as well as meteorological and other special conditions for the production of work.

10. Section 5 includes comments from persons (including a representative of technical supervision) who control the production and safety of work in accordance with the rights granted to them.

11. Each entry in the journal is signed by the person who made it.

12. If it is necessary to illustrate entries with sketches, diagrams or other graphic materials, the latter are signed separately and pasted into the text or collected in a separate folder. The records in this case should contain a mention of the presence and location of graphic materials.

13. The general journal must be numbered, laced, decorated with all signatures on the title page and sealed with the seal of the organization that issued it. If there is not enough space for entries in the journal, a new journal of work with the next number is started, which is recorded on the title page.

14. During construction, the work log must be presented to the representative of technical supervision, the architectural and construction supervision body and other regulatory authorities at their request.

15. When a facility completed by construction is put into operation, general and special work logs are presented to the receiving organization (body) and, after acceptance of the facility, are transferred for permanent storage to the customer (developer) or, on his behalf, to the operating organization or user.

16. With the permission of the body of architectural and construction supervision, it is allowed to keep a journal in the form of an electronic document. At the same time, reliable protection against unauthorized access, as well as identification of signatures of responsible officials, must be provided.

FORM OF THE CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE OF THE OBJECT COMPLETED WITH THE PURPOSE

Inspectorate of the State (municipal) architectural and construction supervision of the Russian Federation

CERTIFICATE

on the conformity of the completed construction object to the intended purpose

__________________________________________________________________________________

(name of the developer (customer), its legal address)

that they have completed the construction of the object _________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

(name of the object, its postal address, main indicators)

__________________________________________________________________________________

The permissive, executive, acceptance documentation submitted by the developer (customer) indicates that

__________________________________________________________________________________

(Object name)

__________________________________________________________________________________

built in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation, approved project, building codes and regulations.

This certificate gives the right to include the object in the state statistical reporting, technical certification, commissioning, state registration and use of the object for its intended purpose.

APPENDIX E

(reference)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

Town-planning code of the Russian Federation.

Federal Law "On Technical Regulation" dated December 27, 2002 No. 184-FZ.

Federal Law "On Industrial Safety of Hazardous Production Facilities" No. 116-FZ dated July 21, 1997.

Law "On Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation".

Federal Law "On Licensing Certain Types of Activities" dated 08.08.2001 No. 128-FZ.

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation “On licensing activities in the field of design and construction” dated March 21, 2002 No. 174.

Federal Law "On the protection of the rights of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs in the course of state control (supervision)" dated 02.08.2001 No. 134-FZ.

Federal Law "On State Registration of Rights to Real Estate and Transactions with It" dated July 21, 1997 No. 122-FZ.

Key words: construction rules, building permit, construction quality control, production control, supervision, conformity assessment, completed facility, acceptance and commissioning

Introduction

1 area of use

2 Definitions

3 General

4 Preparing for construction

5 Construction work

6 Construction quality control. Supervision of construction

7 Acceptance and commissioning of completed facilities

Annex A (informative) Terms used in this document and their definitions

Annex E (informative) Bibliography

Dismantling of buildings according to the rules

Achievements of the modern construction industry, incl. the development of new materials and technologies have long been the subject of constant discussion and publication in the media. And things are quite different with the problem of demolition of buildings that have served their time. Such a situation is quite understandable: as they say, to break is not to build, you don’t need a lot of mind here. Meanwhile demolition of buildings- the process is no less important and complex than construction, and must be carried out in compliance with all established rules.

It would seem that there is nothing easier than the demolition of a dilapidated building or an emergency house. But this is only at first glance. Do not forget that often the process of dismantling an old building is carried out in conditions of dense urban development and requires almost jewelry precision and high qualifications from the performers. Such requirements remain even if the demolition of the building takes place far from the residential area: in this case, the need to carry out the work with the utmost care may be associated with the need to preserve the integrity of any building structures that can subsequently be reused in construction.

If during the construction of a new residential building it is necessary to first demolish the old building, then, according to the requirements of regulatory documents, these works should be included in the construction project as a separate section. It indicates the demolition object, calculates the amount of work, and also determines the amount of compensation to be paid to the residents of the demolished house. All costs are included in the construction summary sheet.

If the demolition of structures is planned, for example, on the territory of an industrial enterprise - the owner of these buildings, then, of course, there will be less design work here, but practical implementation will turn out to be more time-consuming: the contractor must draw up a technological map for the production of works, which will provide for measures aimed at to ensure the safety of other facilities of the enterprise and its personnel.

As a rule, the demolition of buildings consists of the following steps:

drawing up a dismantling project and a detailed plan for its implementation;
drawing up a list of equipment, technological equipment and tools that will be required during dismantling;
construction of a temporary barrier of the construction site, necessary to protect people, other buildings and vehicles;
disconnection of all communications, their analysis and transfer to a safe place;
disassembly of the upper part of the building: roofing, roof structures and ceilings: due to the high complexity and danger of these types of work, remotely controlled mini-robots are often used to perform them;
directly the dismantling of buildings, which may include such important components as the dismantling of walls, partitions, ceilings and other elements of the building: these works are carried out when the dismantling of structures is carried out gradually;
if there is no need to observe accuracy, another option is possible - dismantling the building by completely demolishing it, for these purposes special equipment is used;
sorting of dismantled elements of the building, preparation of construction waste for loading, its removal and further disposal.

Types of dismantling of buildings and structures

Dismantling of buildings and structures can be carried out in different ways. The choice of the optimally suitable option depends on many factors: the complexity of the structure, its size, age, type of foundation and building materials.

The main types of demolition of buildings:

manual;
semi-mechanized;
mechanized;
electrohydraulic;
explosive;
thermal;
combined.

Manual disassembly

The most difficult is manual dismantling, in other words, manual dismantling of buildings. It is carried out with the help of a crowbar, a pickaxe, a sledgehammer and other tools, sometimes gas-cutting installations are used. This type of dismantling is mainly used in cases where it is impossible to carry out demolition in any other way, or the amount of work is so small that it is impractical to use large-scale equipment.

Semi-mechanized dismantling

Semi-mechanized dismantling of buildings and structures is a more efficient and common method of demolition of buildings, it involves the use of electric and pneumatic tools: mechanical saws, concrete breakers, winches, crowbars, jackhammers, jacks, etc. However, this method has many negative points, the main ones are labor intensity, solid material costs, noise and a large amount of dust.

Mechanized dismantling

Mechanized dismantling of buildings is carried out by the impact method using various machines and mechanisms. As destructive elements, a ball-hammer and a wedge-hammer are used, which are attached to the boom of a self-propelled excavator or crane. This method is used to destroy neighboring buildings, for the demolition of detached buildings, tractors and bulldozers are used.

The technology of demolition of buildings by a bulldozer differs from the semi-mechanized method: here the upper part of the structure is tied to a mechanism with a steel cable and pulled until collapse. Bulldozers are also used to collect construction debris. After that, construction scrap is utilized and further processed into secondary raw materials.

In addition, the so-called demollators are used to carry out dismantling of structures - powerful caterpillar hydraulic excavators with an extended boom and replaceable attachments: hydraulic hammer, hydraulic shears, special buckets.

Mechanized dismantling is more rational than semi-mechanized dismantling, and it is also more effective when demolishing dilapidated buildings.

In the conditions of modern urban buildings, the most appropriate is the combined method, which includes all or almost all types of building destruction. For example, the dismantling of the internal elements of the structure is best done manually, and the walls - mechanized. The demolition of the foundation is carried out mainly by explosive method, which requires the company to have permission to use special tools and a license to carry out such work.

Dismantling according to the rules

In general, the dismantling of buildings, which is always associated with shock and noise loads, is accompanied by the receipt of a mass of permits, which are issued only if the organization performing the demolition has the appropriate licenses, certificates and permits for work of this level. Only those employees who have been trained and have received the necessary qualifications are allowed to operate special equipment.

If the dismantling of internal structures is required during the reconstruction of the building, then a project for the production of works (PPR) is drawn up for each element, which takes into account the methods and sequence of dismantling works, as well as the boundaries of the danger zone, measures to remove the load from the dismantled element and its distribution between the remaining structures to ensure the stability of the rest of the building.

Such an item as the removal and disposal of construction waste should also be subject to the terms of the PPR, in particular, it should contain a preliminary calculation of the volume of construction waste destined for removal and processing.

Disposal of any construction waste requires, first of all, its sorting by type. After the demolition of buildings, as a rule, concrete and brick breakage remains, as well as construction waste of various hazard classes. If the dismantling of large construction projects was accompanied by the removal of the top layer of the earth, the removal of sand soil is also required.

It should be noted that due to the use of advanced technologies, the dismantling of buildings and structures today does not take much time.

Material prepared by Irina Moskalenko

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BUILDERS

Organization Standard

Organization of construction production

DEMOLITION (DISMANTLING) OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES

STO NOSTROY 2.33.53-2011

Moscow 2012

Limited Liability Company "Center for Scientific Research
organization, mechanization, technology of building production"
TsNIOMTP LLC)

Limited Liability Company BST Publishing House

Foreword

1 DESIGNED

Limited Liability Company "Center for Scientific Research of Organization, Mechanization, Technology of Construction Production" (TsNIOMTP LLC)

2 SUBMITTED FOR APPROVAL

4 General provisions

4.1 Decisions and measures for organizing the demolition or dismantling of buildings and structures are developed in the design documentation that is part of the project for organizing work on the demolition or dismantling of capital construction objects in accordance with paragraph 5.7.1 of SP 48.13330.

4.2 The territory of the construction site and work areas are subject to fencing with the installation of safety signs, in accordance with paragraph 1.1 of GOST 23407, GOST R 12.4.026.

Types of fences and their geometric dimensions are given in section 5 STO NOSTROY 2.33.52.

4.3 Placement of temporary construction infrastructure on the construction site is carried out in accordance with sections 6-15 STO NOSTROY 2.33.52.

4.4 The timing of the planned collapse of the facility must be notified to all those working on the construction site, as well as organizations operating the adjacent territories, in accordance with clause 6.9.3 of SP 48.13330. If necessary, a cordon is set.

4.5 Prior to the dismantling of buildings and structures, a survey of the technical condition of the structures of the facility is carried out in order to establish:

Dangers of collapse of structures;

Possibilities of reuse of structures;

Safe production of dismantling and reconstruction works.

4.6 The territory of residential camps, work sites and workplaces, driveways and walkways must be illuminated in accordance with section 12 STO NOSTROY 2.33.52.

4.7 Requirements for the binding of mounting cranes and lifts, the establishment of hazardous areas for people, the points for washing the wheels of trucks and construction vehicles, as well as the choice of temporary engineering systems are given in sections 6, 11, 12 - 15 STO NOSTROY 2.33.52.

4.8 The operation of mobile (inventory) buildings and structures is carried out in accordance with the instructions of manufacturers and the provisions of section 9 STO NOSTROY 2.33.52.

4.9 The territory of the construction site, including work areas, the territory of residential camps, workplaces, driveways, walkways, storage areas, must be kept clean and tidy in accordance with paragraph 6.2.6 of SP 48.13330, paragraph 6.1.6 of SP 49.13330.

4.10 At the entrance to the construction site, it is necessary to install information boards in accordance with paragraph 6.2.8 of SP 48.13330.

4.11 Separate work areas and workplaces must be provided with telephone or radio communication in accordance with clauses 6.1.8 of SP 49.13330.

5 Preparations

5.1 Prior to the commencement of work on the demolition or dismantling of facilities, a set of preparatory measures is carried out in accordance with clause 6.9 of SP 48.13330, clause 4.1.2 of SNiP 12-04.

5.2 Solutions of organizational and technological documentation should include: justification of the method of liquidation of the facility, determination of the sequence of work, establishment of hazardous areas and areas for storing disassembly products, temporary fixing or strengthening of structures to prevent their collapse, protection methods and justification for the use of protective devices of engineering networks, safety measures when demolition or dismantling of buildings and structures, environmental protection measures in accordance with paragraph 6.9 of SP 48.13330, paragraph 4.1.3 of SNiP 12-04.

5.3 The solutions specified in 5.2 should contain measures to prevent exposure of workers to hazardous and harmful production factors: spontaneous collapse of structures and elements of the facility, falling of loose structures and equipment, moving parts of construction machines and the loads they move, sharp edges of structures and protruding rods, increased content in the air of the working area of dust and harmful substances, the location of the workplace near the height difference of 1.3 m or more in accordance with clause 4.1.1 of SNiP 12-04.

5.4 A construction organization carrying out demolition or dismantling of an object must obtain from the technical customer a document certifying the shutdown of electricity, gas pipelines, steam pipelines, water pipelines, air ducts, as well as all communication systems, automated and remote control of technological equipment. This document must contain a conclusion on permission to carry out work, a description of networks and their design.

5.5 Shutdown of engineering networks is carried out by the organization in charge of these networks, with the execution of relevant documents.

5.6 The scheme of temporary power supply for the period of dismantling of the building, structure must be independent of the existing wiring diagram of the facility.

5.7 The person admitted to the liquidation of the facility must:

Obtain permission from the technical customer to liquidate the facility;

Obtain from the technical customer documents certifying the disconnection of communications;

Issue an organization order that determines the procedure for the production of work at the construction site in each shift;

Appoint those responsible for the production of works, fire safety, electrical safety.

A plate with the names of responsible persons is hung out at the construction site in a conspicuous place at the work site.

Corresponding orders must be issued by subcontractors involved in the performance of work.

6 Dismantling of equipment, internal engineering systems and finishing elements

6.1 Prior to the demolition or dismantling of the facility, technological and special equipment, instrumentation and automation, engineering systems - engineering equipment, sanitary networks, power supply, communications, radio and television systems are dismantled.

6.2 Dismantling of technological and special equipment

6.2.2 Technological and special equipment to be dismantled and located in the installation area is disconnected from all engineering systems.

6.2.3 First of all, work is performed that does not require flame cutting in accordance with GOST 12.3.036.

6.2.4 Work with flame cutting should be started only after the technical customer has checked the performance of work to prepare the equipment for dismantling (6.2.5, 6.2.6).

6.2.5 Lifting of the dismantled equipment or its components is carried out only after removing all fasteners, disconnecting process pipelines and removing instrumentation.

6.2.6 Before dismantling equipment installed on reinforced concrete foundations, it is necessary to lift (separate) it above the foundation using jacks or wedges (SNiP 5.02.02).

6.2.7 The weight of the lifted equipment or its part must correspond to the parameters of the overhead crane and its rigging. For overland cranes, this mass should not exceed half the capacity of the crane at the maximum reach of the boom.

6.2.8 In the process of dismantling, it is necessary to constantly monitor the stability of the remaining non-dismantled elements.

6.2.9 During the passage of the rolling stock through the installation area, dismantling work is stopped, structures and installation mechanisms with mounting booms turned in the opposite direction from the railway track must be outside the dimensions of the rolling stock.

6.2.10 In fire and explosion hazardous buildings and premises, dismantling work is carried out with the permission of the administration and coordination with the fire and gas rescue services.

6.2.11 Fire cutting works are carried out only after cleaning and freeing the territory from flammable and explosive substances within a radius of at least 10 m and with the necessary ventilation.

6.2.12 Dismantling work inside the premises (workshops), in order to exclude gas contamination, is carried out by erection cranes with electric motors.

6.2.13 The operation of overhead cranes and hoists is limited within the working area with the installation of limit switches and temporary stops.

6.2.14 When dismantling process and special equipment, one should be guided by the relevant regulatory documents for equipment, passports and instructions from manufacturers.

6.3 Dismantling of internal engineering systems and finishing elements

6.3.1 Dismantling is subject to internal engineering systems of water supply, drainage, gas supply, electricity, heat supply, ventilation and communications, including engineering equipment and devices [ , , ].

6.3.2 Gas and electric stoves, plumbing equipment, heaters of central heating systems, water taps and other elements of engineering equipment are disconnected from internal networks, sorted by purpose and type and transferred to a temporary storage site (room).

6.3.3 Dismantling of power supply systems begins with the removal of lighting fixtures and electrical panels. Then the wires in the boxes and internal channels are dismantled, followed by their winding into coils.

6.3.4 Metal pipes of engineering networks are cut and transferred to the temporary storage site (room).

6.3.5 Window frames with glazing are removed from the boxes and transferred to the temporary storage area (room), where the glass is separated from the container.

6.3.6 The doors are removed from the hinges and transferred to the site (room) for temporary storage. Removed window and door frames are also transferred there.

6.3.7 Plank floors are dismantled manually. First, the plinth and fillet are removed with the help of crowbars and one of the frieze boards is removed. Then the floor boards are removed, trying not to damage the tongue and groove, with their subsequent storage on the temporary storage site (room).

6.3.8 Dismantling of slatted parquet begins with the removal of skirting boards and friezes. Parquet staves are torn off from the base with the help of crowbars.

6.3.9 Panel parquet is dismantled with whole panels and stored at the site (room) for temporary storage.

6.3.10 Linoleum is cut into separate strips, then torn off and rolled into rolls with transfer to a temporary storage area (room).

6.3.11 Ceramic tiles are removed from walls and floors with a metal scraper and a scraper.

6.3.14 Subsequently, heavy containers with loaded materials are removed from the construction site for disposal.

7 Ways of demolition of buildings and structures

7.1 Methods for the demolition of buildings and structures and their structures include [ , , ]:

a) mechanical;

b) explosive;

c) special:

1) hydraulic explosive;

2) thermal;

3) electrohydraulic;

4) method of hydrofracturing.

7.2 Mechanical collapse of the object

7.2.1 Mechanical collapse involves the felling of building structures, structures by an excavator with various attachments - a wedge hammer or a ball hammer.

The breakdown of the surviving structures into parts can be carried out with jackhammers.

7.2.2 When collapsing an object with a wedge-hammer or ball-hammer, it is necessary:

Determine the safe area for wedge-hammer and ball-hammer operation;

Install temporary fences and safety signs on the borders of the danger zone, as well as signal lighting in the dark. If it is impossible to install temporary fences along the entire danger zone, protective nets or shields are installed to prevent fragments of structures and materials from entering the safe zone;

Install the excavator boom at an angle of at least 60 ° to the horizon;

Install a protective fence (mesh) on the glass of the excavator cab.

7.2.3 The safe zone of operation of the wedge-hammer and the ball-hammer is determined by the range of the fragments of the destroyed material at different angles of fall of the baking powder according to table 1.

Table 1 - Wedge Hammer and Hammer Ball Safe Areas

The ratio of the baking powder mass, kg, to the fall height, m	Scattering range of pieces of destructible material, m, at the angle of fall of the baking powder

1500/3,3
2500/3,5
3500/4,0
4000/4,5

7.2.4 Impacts with a ball-hammer are applied by deflecting it from a vertical position to the initial position, in accordance with the technical data sheet. Striking by turning the arrow is prohibited.

7.2.5 The distance from the excavator to the destructible structure must be at least the height of the structure for 2-3 storey buildings.

7.2.6 The vertical parts of the object collapse into the interior of the structure to prevent the scattering of debris over the territory.

7.2.7 Collapse debris, as it forms, is moved by bulldozers to the side or loaded into vehicles for removal from the construction site for disposal.

7.2.8 For the demolition of one or two-story buildings, hydraulic excavators are recommended, which provide the ability to control and control the direction of fall of structures and elements being destroyed.

7.2.9 For the demolition of panel buildings up to 5 floors, it is advisable to use excavators with universal hydraulic grippers.

7.2.10 For the demolition of panel or monolithic buildings up to 25 m high, excavators with hydraulic or mechanical shears should be used.

7.2.11 For the demolition of buildings, structures up to 60 m high, it is rational to use special demolition excavators weighing from 150 tons, equipped with hydraulic shears.

7.2.12 To open asphalt concrete pavements, rapid destruction of concrete and reinforced concrete structures, a hydraulic hammer can be used as a working replacement body for a backhoe loader.

7.3 Explosive collapse

7.3.1 Blasting operations are performed to destroy or crush stone, concrete and reinforced concrete structures.

7.3.2 The destruction of foundations by explosion is carried out both on open construction sites, freed from building structures, and indoors.

7.3.3 The collapse of an object by explosive means is carried out on its base or in a given direction in accordance with the organizational and technological documentation.

7.3.4 The collapse of buildings or structures on the base consists in the formation of a collapse with a height not exceeding 1/3 of the height of the object.

7.3.5 In a given direction, high-rise structures (towers, chimneys, etc.) collapse, the height of which is four times or more greater than the size of the section in the direction of the axis of the roll.

7.3.6 The collapse of buildings or structures on the base is carried out by charges in boreholes placed on the inside of the building in two rows in a checkerboard pattern.

7.3.7 The diameter of the holes is from 40 to 60 mm, and the depth is 2/3 of the wall thickness. The distance between holes in a row is from 0.8 to 1.4 and between rows - from 0.75 to 1.0 of the hole depth.

7.4 Special collapse methods

7.4.1 Special methods of collapse of an object and their structures include: hydraulic explosive, thermal, electro-hydraulic and hydro-split method.

7.4.2 The hydraulic blasting method is used to destroy box-shaped structures, tanks, etc., as well as stone, concrete and reinforced concrete structures.

The difference between the hydraulic blasting method and the blasting method lies in filling the free space of the boreholes with water or clay solution.

7.4.3 The thermal method is effective in the destruction of monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete structures.

Thermal cutting of structures is carried out using a powerful heat source in the form of a high-temperature gas stream or an electric arc. The principle of operation of this method lies in the melting of concrete by the products of iron combustion in a stream of oxygen entering the combustible pipe in an amount sufficient for combustion and removal of slag from the structure being cut.

7.4.4 The electro-hydraulic method is used for the destruction of monolithic concrete and stone masses, rubble concrete and masonry.

The use of the electro-hydraulic method is characterized by the absence of an explosive wave and the scattering of fragments and is safe for people working near and installed equipment.

7.4.5 The hydraulic splitting method is used to destroy monolithic concrete and brick structures in cramped conditions.

The hydraulic splitting method is based on the use of hydraulic splitters, which are wedge devices with hydraulic cylinders.

To destroy the structure, a well is drilled in it, into which a wedge device is inserted and actuated with the help of a hydraulic cylinder. As a result, the force developed by the hydraulic cylinder increases several times. The destruction of the structure occurs silently and without scattering of pieces and fragments.

8 Dismantling of buildings and structures

8.1 Methods of dismantling and the sequence of cutting buildings and structures

8.1.1 Dismantling of buildings and structures is carried out in two ways: element by element or in separate blocks [ , , ].

8.1.2 Element-by-element dismantling ensures maximum safety of the structure (assembly, part, element) for reuse.

The dismantling of an object in separate enlarged blocks is more efficient than element-by-element disassembly in terms of reducing the duration and labor intensity of work.

8.1.3 Dismantling of buildings and structures is carried out in the sequence from top to bottom, reverse to the installation of structures and elements in accordance with clause 4.2.1 of SNiP 12-04.

8.1.4 The sequence of disassembly of industrial facilities includes the following steps:

Dismantling of technological structures (pipelines, utilities, supports, masts, shelves for equipment, lifts);

Dismantling of enclosing horizontal (roofing, ceilings) and vertical (gates, stained-glass windows, non-load-bearing internal and external walls) structures;

Dismantling of special structures (stairs, viewing platforms, ramps, shafts, galleries, railroad tracks);

Dismantling of load-bearing horizontal (covering and floor slabs, lanterns, trusses, beams, crossbars, crane beams) and vertical (walls, columns, racks) structures;

Dismantling of tunnels, cellars, foundations.

8.1.5 The sequence of floor dismantling of residential and public prefabricated buildings consists of the following steps:

Cutting and removing the rolled roofing carpet;

Dismantling of door and window fillings;

Cutting and removing the insulation and vapor barrier of the roof;

Floor dismantling of floors;

Installation of temporary supporting devices for fastening external and internal walls;

Dismantling of ceiling panels;

Dismantling of panels-partitions;

Dismantling of internal and external wall panels;

Dismantling elements of stairs and balcony platforms;

Removal of floor slabs above the basement;

Dismantling of reinforced concrete basement walls and foundations;

Dismantling of sanitary cabins;

Inspection, control, sorting and transportation of dismantled products to disposal points.

8.1.6 Simultaneous performance of work in two or more levels along the same vertical is not allowed. The exception is the cases of the presence of protective floors provided for in the project.

8.1.7 Dismantling of buildings and structures is carried out in such a way that the removal of some elements does not cause the collapse of others.

8.1.8 To ensure the stability of the remaining structures, especially during the reconstruction of production facilities, it is necessary to have from the design organization before the start of disassembly a calculation of the strength and spatial stability of the frame structures remaining after dismantling.

8.1.9 In case of doubts about the stability of the structures, the dismantling works are stopped and continue only after the implementation of appropriate measures to strengthen the structures and obtaining permission from the person in charge of the work at the facility.

8.1.10 Dismantling of buildings is organized using flow methods based on a balanced, complete and uniform use of resources in accordance with Section 6 STO NOSTROY 2.33.14.

8.1.11 As grips, it is necessary to select parts of objects within which identical volumes are repeated. With regard to residential buildings, the grip can be a section, and for industrial facilities - a span or part of a span.

8.2 Rules for the production of works on dismantling structures

8.2.1 On the dismantled horizon, the joints of structural elements, as well as embedded parts, are released to examine their condition and make a decision on their cutting or cutting. Holes for slinging structures are drilled in the places specified in the project for the production of works, equipment for temporary fastening and dismantling of structures and parts is prepared and inspected.

8.2.2 Temporary fastening of structures during dismantling of buildings is carried out in compliance with the following provisions [ , , ]:

The floor slab should be slinged with ring slings, then cut off all the anchoring ties and only after that it should be lifted and transferred by crane to the storage area;

Floor slabs may be lifted by a crane only after removal of all structures and parts located above the surface of the element to be lifted;

When disassembling wall panels, it is necessary first of all to carry out slinging, to select the slack in the cables of the slings, and only after that to release the strapped panel from ties and temporary fasteners;

Before disassembling the flight of stairs, the temporary inventory fence should be removed, then the flight of stairs should be lashed, the slings tensioned, and then the overlays welded to the embedded parts should be cut off, the march should be freed from the ties and lifted.

8.2.3 Prior to the start of work, it is necessary [ , ]:

Fasten the outer wall and basic inner panels on struts to inventory hinges installed in drilled holes in existing ceilings (the location of the hinges is determined locally) - two fasteners per part or three fasteners per basic internal panel;

Fix internal wall panels (ordinary) to the base panel using horizontal ties;

Slinging of prefabricated panels is carried out through drilled holes with a diameter of 40 to 60 mm, depending on the width of the slab.

8.2.4 Holes are drilled by electric drilling machines with special drills with carbide tips or diamond ring drills in accordance with GOST 24638.

8.2.5 To release partially embedded panel joints, joints in floors, jackhammers with a set of impact tools and a compressor with hoses up to 30 m long should be used. Structural elements are torn off and displaced using a wedge jack or using a tearing device (positions, tables 2).

8.2.6 Cutting of floor coverings is carried out by a machine with a cutter 1 .

1 The ST-001 seam cutter manufactured by the Tver Mechanical Plant can be used.

8.2.7 Cutting of embedded parts of connecting elements is carried out with a manual electric grinder (table item 2), GOST 12.2.010, GOST 12.2.013.0.

8.2.8 The dismantled structural elements are removed by crane after complete release from permanent connections. Each element is examined before lifting by a responsible engineering and technical worker (ITR).

8.2.9 In place of the dismantled outer panel, a safety fence is installed (table item 2) and only after that the dismantling of structures continues in accordance with GOST 12.4.059.

8.2.10 To prevent people from falling, portable safety devices are used for attaching carabiners, safety fences (positions, tables 2) and scaffolding in the form of an installer's platform in accordance with clause 8.2 of SNiP 12-04.

8.2.11 When moving structures to the storage area, it is necessary to make sure that the slinging is reliable in accordance with clause 8.3.4 of SNiP 12-04.

When the slings are loosened, the ends of the crossbar are released from fastening with trimming of the connecting elements and embedded parts. With the help of a hydraulic wedge and a mounting crowbar, the bolt is slightly shifted and lifted, and then checked for complete release. Then it is lifted by about 20 cm to check the reliability of the slinging and transferred to the storage area.

8.2.14 After dismantling the crossbars, the column is slinged with a weak tension of the sling, the temporary fastening of the column is removed, the joint of two columns is released from concrete, the connecting elements are cut off, the joint of the columns is checked for complete release and the column is transferred to the place of storage.

8.2.16 Similarly to the above sequence ( - ), the floor slabs above the first floor, crossbars, columns are removed and the external and internal walls are dismantled.

8.2.17 Before removing floor slabs above the basement along the perimeter of the building from the outside, soil is excavated to the depth of strip foundations by an excavator with an offset digging axis. Internal strip foundations are dug in manually.

8.2.18 After removing the floor slabs, the blocks of the outer walls of the basements are removed and the internal walls of the basement, crossbars and columns are dismantled.

8.2.19 If there are metal beams, their removal is carried out after dismantling the filling between them. The ends of the beams are released from the walls by punching horizontal grooves. Then the beams are removed from the furrows by turning in a horizontal plane and lowered down.

8.2.20 The ceiling on metal beams with brick filling in the form of vaults is divided into sections transverse with respect to the blocks with a width of up to 2 m and a length according to the size of the ceilings. If it is impossible to dismantle the floor with transverse sections, the dismantling is carried out along the section bounded by two adjacent beams. Prior to the dismantling of the ceiling, special spacers made of logs with a diameter of 16 to 18 cm should be installed between the beams at intervals of 2 - 3 m along the length of the beams.

8.2.21 Reinforced concrete monolithic floors are broken using jackhammers until they completely collapse. In the ceilings of large areas (workshops, exhibition and shopping centers, sports halls, etc.), furrows are made between the supports until the reinforcement is exposed. Reinforcement is cut by autogenous or welding. Overlapping elements are brought down.

8.2.22 When dismantling columns or poles, the following conditions must be observed:

Carry out dismantling from top to bottom;

Undercut the column after its slinging;

The method of slinging should exclude the fall of the column during dismantling;

In order to avoid falling columns that have lost their stability, they should be temporarily fixed before the floor is dismantled.

8.2.23 Roof (under-rafter) trusses should be dismantled in the following sequence:

Perform temporary fixing of the structure to maintain the integrity and rigidity of the system;

Carry out the slinging of the farm;

Disconnect the farm from the supporting frame;

Conduct a visual inspection of the remaining frame structures;

Raise the truss 0.3 - 0.5 m above the installation site;

Move the truss to a vehicle or storage area.

8.2.24 Before transporting dismantled trusses, their strength and stability should be checked and, if necessary, additional fasteners should be installed.

8.3 Disassembly of exterior and interior wall panels

Perform temporary fastening of panels on sections to floor slabs using struts, two fasteners for each panel. The fastener is installed before the floor slabs are dismantled (positions, table 2);

Sling the panel with ring and four-branch slings. Drill two holes for slinging in the panels (positions, table 2);

Cut out vertical seams along the ends of the panels with a jackhammer or scarpel. Cut mounting connections;

With the crane slings tight, drive two wedges into the seam between the panels. After the appearance of cracks, remove the struts holding the panel and carefully knock out the wedges until the panel is completely released (positions, Table 2);

Responsible for the production of work to check the complete release of the panel from the rest of the elements and give permission to lift them;

Drive two wedges into the vertical joint if the panel is not released;

Raise the panel by 0.5 m, tearing it off the glued surface, check the reliability of the slinging and move the panel to the warehouse;

Store the panel in a warehouse on pyramids in accordance with clause 6.3.3 of SP 49.13330 or on vehicles;

After dismantling the panel, install a safety inventory fence along the edge of the ceiling (table item 2; GOST 12.4.059).

8.3.2 Internal wall panels are dismantled as follows [ , ]:

Install temporary fastening of internal wall panels;

Double internal panels are taken as basic and are fastened with struts, fixed at one end to the loop installed in the drilled hole in the panel, and at the other end to the anchor installed in the drilled hole in the ceiling. Three struts are installed on one panel.

The remaining single panels are attached to the base using two horizontal ties. At the beginning, single panels are dismantled, and then double ones. Dismantling is carried out as when dismantling external wall panels ().

8.4 Dismantling of monolithic concrete, reinforced concrete and brick walls

8.4.1 Brick walls of ancient buildings, built on lime mortar, are dismantled along the planes of individual bricks.

8.4.2 The brick walls of buildings built on cement and cement-lime mortar are broken into separate blocks during disassembly.

8.4.3 Brick walls in the cramped conditions of reconstruction of workshops are dismantled depending on the strength of the masonry and the thickness of the wall horizontally with a height of up to 3 rows using manual machines (jackhammers, disc milling machines) and a variety of hand tools (crowbars, sledgehammers, wedges, etc. ), according to GOST 12.2.010, GOST 12.2.013.0, SNiP 5.02.02.

8.4.4 Brick longitudinal walls, built on weak mortars, are broken without vertical division and separation from the transverse walls. The places of vertical division of the walls are planned so that the cut does not cause their premature collapse. Window and door openings are used for cutting. Walls are cut with jackhammers, and metal ties are cut with autogenous. The walls are knitted with a rope to a cut, tying one end of the rope to the upper cantilever part of the wall, and the other to the tractor hook. Pulling a rope with a tractor, the wall collapses. The length of the rope is set so that its working part corresponds to the double height of the collapsed walls. The end of the rope is fixed with a ring tie to the partition of the lower part of the wall in the center of the collapsed area and is thrown over the top of the wall to the tractor.

8.4.5 The sequence of operations includes: fixing a heavy rope on the wall, cutting the wall in the lower part, dissecting a fragment of the collapsing part of the wall, felling the wall with a tractor using a traction rope.

With a strong masonry wall, it is pre-cut from the side of the roll using disk cutting machines and jackhammers according to SNiP 5.02.02. The depth of the cut is 1/4 of the wall thickness, and the width is about 100 - 150 mm. The rope loops around the collapsed part of the wall 20 - 30 cm above the hem and is passed over the upper edge of the wall.

8.4.6 For slinging brick blocks, grapple-type grips are used, as well as various pins and overlays.

8.4.7 To move the brick blocks down, freight elevators, closed wooden troughs are used. Such blocks are transported from the place of disassembly to the elevator (gutter) using a wheelbarrow.

8.4.8 Dismantling of brick walls is carried out from scaffolding or inventory scaffolding. The order of installation and dismantling of scaffolding and scaffolding is given in the project for the production of works.

8.4.9 For dismantling of building structures representing monolithic concrete, reinforced concrete and brick arrays, destructive methods are used: mechanical collapse, explosive and hydraulic explosive methods, thermal cutting, electro-hydraulic effect and hydro-fracturing method.

8.4.10 Prefabricated reinforced concrete structures that are not dismantled element by element are disassembled as monolithic.

8.5 Removing the roof

8.5.1 The dismantling of the roof is carried out in two stages: the removal of the roofing and the dismantling of the load-bearing elements of the roof.

8.5.2 Prior to the commencement of work on the removal of roofing, radio and television antennas are dismantled and all wiring is removed.

8.5.3 Roof covering made of rolled bitumen-ruberoid materials with insulation is removed simultaneously with the insulation. Work is carried out along the span, starting from the highest point, using light crowbars and spatula devices.

8.5.4 Roofing from rolled materials without insulation is torn off from the base and then cut off in pieces with scissors.

8.5.5 To dismantle the bitumen-ruberoid roofing carpet, the following set of mechanisms and equipment is used - a roofing carpet dismantling mechanism, a mechanism for separating roof cuts from the base, technical means for transporting roofing waste to the lowering mechanism from the roof, a mechanism for lowering roofing waste from the roofs of buildings and structures ( table position 2).

8.5.6 The disassembly of the steel roof begins with the removal of the coating near the chimney and ventilation pipes and other protruding parts. First, the clamps are separated from the crate and then, using a crowbar or a screwdriver, one of the standing flanges is opened into a picture along the entire slope of the roof. Having disconnected the lying flange fastening the picture with the sheets of the gutter, the picture is lifted with crowbars and turned over to the next row and separated into separate pictures.

To dismantle a steel roof, you can also cut off the standing seams with roofing shears, then open the lying seams and roll the paintings into rolls.

The removed steel sheets should be immediately lowered down and not left on the roof due to the large windage.

After dismantling the crate from the level of the attic floor, the remaining elements are dismantled last - parapet lattices, overhangs, trays, funnels and grooves.

8.5.7 Dismantling of roofing from asbestos-cement sheets should begin with cutting nails and screws and removing roofing elements from the ridge, and then ordinary sheets, trays and corners.

Pipes, overhangs and other elements are removed after asbestos-cement sheets.

8.5.8 Disassembly of the roof from piece small elements is carried out element by element, in the reverse order of their arrangement.

8.5.9 Wooden battens are manually dismantled element by element using nail pullers and special crowbars in accordance with SNiP 5.02.02.

8.5.10 Wooden building structures are completely dismantled using lifting mechanisms. To do this, the structure is first slinged and, supporting with a crane, the fasteners are removed.

8.5.11 Winches are used to dismantle wooden beams and arches, if it is possible to hang the winch block from the structures above.

8.5.12 Long-length elements of dismantled inclined rafters are laid on the attic floor in a perpendicular direction to the outer walls with support on the outer and inner walls.

8.5.13 When disassembling a roof with a slope of more than 20°, work is carried out using safety belts and safety ropes. At the same time, the movement of workers is carried out along ladders 0.3 m wide with transverse bars every 0.4 m in accordance with paragraph 6.2.2 of SP 49.13330.

8.5.14 Dismantling of roof elements at a height of more than 1.3 m is carried out from a portable scaffold based on beams of wooden floors or reinforced concrete floors.

8.5.15 When dismantling cornices and overhangs, the presence of workers on the elements being dismantled or adjacent to them is prohibited.

8.6 Disassembly of ladders

8.6.1 The dismantling of stairs in multi-storey buildings is carried out by tiers in the direction from top to bottom simultaneously with the dismantling of floors and walls of the floor [ , , , ].

8.6.2 The dismantling of stairs begins with the dismantling of the railing along the flights from top to bottom. The dismantling of the railing is carried out in sections, using oxy-fuel cutting for this.

8.6.3 To prevent arbitrary collapse of the structures of the ladder being dismantled, the following sequence must be observed:

Install a temporary mount;

Dismantle the railing within one march;

Release flights of stairs or steps from fastening;

Dismantle flights of stairs (steps);

Free from fixing the stringers;

Dismantle stringers;

Develop landings and beams.

8.6.4 Stone and reinforced concrete steps are removed from top to bottom with a crowbar. In the case of embedding steps in the wall along the march above them, a furrow is made to the depth of pinching the steps for their subsequent release. The removed steps are lowered along the guides to the underlying landing where they are packaged and then removed by a crane.

8.6.5 Staircases should be removed or demolished as a last resort if possible, as they can be used to let workers through.

8.7 Dismantling of foundations

8.7.1 Strip foundations are dug in and then lifted off the ground using a hydrocline.

8.7.2 Destruction of foundations by explosion can be carried out both on open construction sites and inside buildings, but at the same time, blasting of foundations inside buildings must be carried out only “for loosening”.

8.7.3 When reconstructing and overhauling buildings and structures, dismantling, summing up, strengthening and replacing foundations under the walls can be carried out.

8.7.4 Replacing or laying foundations is carried out in small sections no longer than 1.5 m.

9 The choice of mechanization for the dismantling of buildings and structures

9.1 The main mechanisms used in the dismantling of building structures of buildings and structures are cranes: rail-mounted tower cranes, self-propelled and non-self-propelled jib cranes [,].

9.2 Jib cranes should be equipped with extended booms, jibs or used with tower-jib equipment.

9.3 Load-lifting cranes must have devices - limiters for the rotation of the boom, the departure and lifting of the load, as well as the travel along the rail track.

9.4 As the floors are dismantled, the required hook heights and load moment are reduced. If dismantling is carried out by self-propelled jib cranes, then this makes it possible to use less powerful cranes as the floors are dismantled.

9.6 The main advantage of crawler cranes is their high cross-country ability and maneuverability within the dismantling site. These cranes do not require special tracks and operate without outriggers. Low pressure on the ground allows you to work without special site preparation.

9.7 For dismantling the first floor and foundation, cranes on automobile and pneumatic wheels can be used.

9.8 Pulling out of the soil foundation elements can be performed using crawler cranes. The development of soil along the contour of the foundation should be carried out with excavators.

9.9 The choice of cranes in the development of projects for the production of works is carried out according to technical and operational characteristics, as well as according to technical and economic indicators. According to the factory and reference documentation, technological and design parameters of cranes are established: lifting capacity, reach, lifting height, etc. Based on these data, operational characteristics are determined: work organization schemes, crane stability, turning radii, etc. Variants of projects for the production of work with cranes are compared according to the main technical and economic indicators: labor intensity, cost and duration of work.

9.10 In addition to cranes, for dismantling works when dismantling buildings, other machines and mechanisms are required, as well as a large range of technological equipment, removable lifting devices and tools (table 2).

Fixing the struts

3. Angular connection

Temporary fastening of structural elements

4. Communication horizontal

Temporary fastening of vertical structural elements

5. Rack

Temporary fastening of horizontal structural elements

6. End stop

Temporary fastening of structural elements from the side of the end

7. Mobile scaffolding

Placement of a worker in the work area at a height of 1.7 m

8. Adjustable scaffolds

Placement of a worker in the work area at a height of 0.9 m

9. Incline ladder

Movement of a worker in the work area to a height of up to 3 m

Removable lifting devices

10. Anchor

Temporary fastening of struts and dismantling of structural elements

11. Fork lift

Dismantling of stairs and landings

12. Traverse

Demolition of walls and partitions

20. Manual electric rotary hammer

Perforation of holes in reinforced concrete

Safety equipment

Prevention of people falling from height

Workers in places with the possible appearance of gas must be provided with protective equipment (gas masks).

10.5 Scaffolding means (mobile towers, cradles, scaffolding, scaffolding) and ladders must comply with the regulatory requirements of GOST 24258.

10.6 In cases of occurrence of horizontal forces on the tower and cradle during dismantling of structures, their working platforms should be fixed to the walls.

10.7 When dismantling structures, workers must fasten with a safety belt to a safety rope attached to stable, durable structures. At the same time, the movement of a worker within the boundaries of the workplace must be safe and free.

10.8 Tools and fixtures should be located at the workplace so that they do not interfere with work and cannot fall.

10.9 Workers must immediately stop dismantling the building if the possibility of self-destruction of structural elements and collapse of structures (cracks, violation and loss of stability, etc.) is detected.

Workers must leave the dangerous place, notify the foreman.

10.10 Upon completion of work, workers should install a fence at the approaches to the workplace, remove tools and rigging devices from the workplace.

10.11 When performing work on cutting metal, reinforced concrete, drilling holes in concrete, etc. workers must be guided by the relevant instructions of the welder, perforator, etc.

10.12 Doorways in the walls enclosing areas with disassembled ceilings are securely closed (sewn up) and marked with warning signs and inscriptions in accordance with GOST R 12.4.026.

10.13 When working at height, workers must wear non-slip shoes. Disassembly of the building in rain, fog, snowfall, wind speed of 15 m/s or more stops.

10.14 When performing construction and installation work during the dismantling of the building, workers must be issued a work permit for work of increased danger.

10.15 It is forbidden for people to be on the lower floors in the building where work is being done on the dismantling of structures.

10.16 Snow, ice and debris should be systematically removed from the floors.

10.17 All elements that are in an emergency condition, having cracks, should be broken in place, and debris should be removed from the floors.

10.18 It is not allowed to sling a load that is in an unstable position.

10.19 The production of electric welding and other hot work during disassembly must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of fire safety rules in the production of construction and installation works in accordance with GOST 12.1.004.

10.20 Dismantling work should be carried out only during daylight hours under the direct supervision of engineers

10.21 When dismantling buildings and structures, cleaning the products of dismantling, it is necessary to apply measures to reduce dust formation. The resulting dust should be removed with vacuum cleaners or suppressed with water in accordance with clause 4.1.7 of SNiP 12-04.

11 Measures for environmental protection and public safety

11.1 Projects for the organization of work for the demolition or dismantling of capital construction projects and projects for the production of works should provide for both technical, technological and organizational measures to protect the environment and ensure the safety of the population in accordance with paragraph 6.9.2 of SP 48.13330.

11.2 In the process of dismantling buildings and structures, measures should be taken to prevent clogging of the construction site with waste, ingress of harmful and hazardous substances into surface and ground waters and soil, and air pollution.

11.3 The need for replanting and cutting down tree and shrub vegetation is agreed with the relevant forestry management authorities. Carry out the work with ensuring the maximum safety of green spaces.

Green spaces that are not subject to cutting down at the construction site must be fenced off. Trunks of free-standing trees are protected from damage by sheathing with lumber at least 2 meters high.

11.4 Demolition products, dismantling of buildings and structures, construction debris must be removed in a timely manner; littering and littering the construction site with rubbish is prohibited.

11.5 "Burial" of precast concrete and other elements is strictly prohibited.

11.6 Burning of combustible waste and construction debris on the site within the urban area is prohibited.

11.7 Dismantling products, including construction debris, must be transported down through chutes or containers (boxes) using cranes. The lower end of the chute must be no higher than 1 m above the ground or completely enter the bunker in accordance with clause 4.2.8 of SP 49.13330.

It is not allowed to dump garbage without gutters or from a height of 3 m and above from the zero level.

Bibliography

Koloskov V.N., Oleinik P.P., Tikhonov A.F. Dismantling of residential buildings and processing of their structures and materials for reuse. M., DIA Publishing House, 2004

Oleinik P.P., Oleinik S.P. Organizational decisions on dismantling (demolition) of residential buildings of standard series. M., MGSU, 2008

Keywords: organization of building production; dismantling, demolition and dismantling of buildings and structures; disassembly methods; temporary building infrastructure; protection of people and the environment

Approved Order of the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation of August 28, 2017 N 1170 / pr

Code of Practice SP-325.1325800.2017

"BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES. RULES OF WORK DURING DISMANTLING AND UTILIZATION"

Buildings and construction. Rules for the production of demolition and recycling

Introduced for the first time

Introduction

This set of rules was developed in accordance with Federal Laws of December 30, 2009 N 384-FZ "Technical Regulations on the Safety of Buildings and Structures", of December 27, 2002 N 184-FZ "On Technical Regulation", of December 29, 2004 .N 190-FZ "Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation", Government Decree of February 16, 2008 N 87 "On the composition of sections of project documentation and requirements for their content."

The set of rules was developed by the team of authors of JSC "TsNIIPromzdaniy" (Dr. Tech. Sciences V.V. Granev, Dr. Tech. Sciences EN Kodysh, Dr. Tech. Sciences N.N. Trekin; Ph.D. V. N. Yagodkin, engineers V. V. Titova, I. A. Terekhov, D. A. Chesnokov); with the participation of TsNIIOMTP LLC (P.P. Oleinik, Doctor of Technical Sciences).

1 area of use

1.1 This set of rules establishes and contains requirements for the organization of dismantling (demolition) and disposal of structures of buildings for industrial and civil purposes, and applies to the demolition or dismantling and disposal of structures of buildings and structures for civil and industrial purposes.

1.2 This set of rules does not apply to the demolition or dismantling and disposal of structures of unique, special and linear buildings and structures.

2 Normative references

This set of rules uses normative references to the following documents:

GOST 12.1.003-74 Occupational safety standards system. Noise. General safety requirements

GOST 12.1.004-91 Occupational safety standards system. Fire safety. General requirements

GOST 12.1.012-90 Occupational safety standards system. vibration safety. General requirements

GOST 12.1.046-85 System of labor safety standards. Construction. Building site lighting standards

GOST 12.2.003-91 Occupational safety standards system. Production equipment. General safety requirements

GOST 12.2.010-75 System of labor safety standards. Pneumatic manual machines. General safety requirements

GOST 12.2.013.0-91 Occupational safety standards system. Machines manual electric. General safety requirements and test methods

GOST 12.3.002-75 Occupational safety standards system. Manufacturing processes. General safety requirements

GOST 12.3.020-80 Occupational safety standards system. The processes of movement of goods in enterprises. General safety requirements

GOST 12.4.040-78 Occupational safety standards system. Production equipment controls. Notation.

GOST 12.4.059-89 System of labor safety standards. Construction. Inventory safety fences. General specifications

GOST 2787-75 Ferrous secondary metals. General specifications

GOST 22269-76 Man-machine system. Operator's workplace. Mutual arrangement of elements of the workplace. General ergonomic requirements

GOST 23407-78 Inventory fences for construction sites and sites for construction and installation works. Specifications

GOST 24259-80 Mounting equipment for temporary fixing and alignment of building structures. Classification and general technical requirements

GOST 26633-2012 Heavy and fine-grained concrete. Specifications

GOST 30108-94 Construction materials and products. Determination of specific effective activity of natural radionuclides

GOST 31937-2011 Buildings and structures. Rules for the inspection and monitoring of technical condition

GOST 33715-2015 Cranes. Removable lifting devices and containers. Exploitation

GOST R 12.4.026-2001 Occupational safety standards system. Signal colors, safety signs and signal markings. Purpose and rules of application. General technical requirements and characteristics. Test methods.

GOST R 53350-2009 Freight containers series 1. Classification, dimensions and weight

GOST R 54869-2011 Project management. Project management requirements

GOST R ISO 21500-2014 Guidelines for project management

SP 15.13330.2012 "SNiP II-22-81* Stone and reinforced masonry structures" (with amendments No. 1, No. 2)

SP 16.13330.2017 "SNiP II-23-81* Steel structures"

SP 17.13330.2017 "SNiP II-26-76 Roofs"

SP 22.13330.2016 "SNiP 2.02.01-83* Foundations of buildings and structures"

SP 29.13330.2011 "SNiP 2.03.13-88 Floors"

SP 45.13330.2017 "SNiP 3.02.01-87 Earthworks, foundations and foundations"

SP 48.13330.2011 "SNiP 12-01-2004 Organization of construction" (with amendment No. 1)

SP 63.13330.2012 "SNiP 52-01-2003 Concrete and reinforced concrete structures. Basic provisions" (as amended N 1, N 2)

SP 64.13330.2017 "SNiP II-25-80 Wooden structures"

SP 70.13330.2012 "SNiP 3.03.01-87 Bearing and enclosing structures" (with change No. 1)

SP 255.1325800.2016 Buildings and structures. Operating rules. Key points

Note - When using this set of rules, it is advisable to check the validity of reference documents in the public information system - on the official website of the federal executive body in the field of standardization on the Internet or according to the annual information index "National Standards", which was published as of January 1 of the current year , and according to the issues of the monthly information index "National Standards" for the current year. If an undated referenced document has been replaced, it is recommended that the current version of that document be used, taking into account any changes made to that version. If the referenced document is replaced by a dated reference, it is recommended that the version of this document with the year of approval (acceptance) indicated above be used. If, after the approval of this set of rules, a change is made to the referenced document to which a dated reference is given, affecting the provision to which the reference is given, then this provision is recommended to be applied without taking into account this change. If the reference document is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which the link to it is given is recommended to be applied in the part that does not affect this link. It is advisable to check the information on the operation of the sets of rules in the Federal Information Fund of Standards.

3 Terms and definitions

This set of rules uses the terms established in SP 48.13330, as well as the following terms with their respective definitions:

3.1 household town (industrial life complex): A set of buildings and structures to create normal production and sanitary conditions for workers on a construction site.

3.2 temporary construction infrastructure: A system that includes permanent, mobile and temporary buildings and structures, mechanization tools, engineering networks, etc., necessary for organizing the construction (reconstruction, demolition (dismantling)) of an object.

3.3 temporary roads: Roads laid on a construction site for temporary purposes.

3.4 temporary engineering networks: Communications laid on the territory of the construction site to provide mobile buildings and perform construction, installation, and dismantling works.

3.5 dismantling (dismantling) of an object: Liquidation of a building (structure) by dismantling prefabricated and collapse of monolithic structures with preliminary dismantling of technical systems and finishing elements.

3.7 mobile (inventory) buildings: Ancillary and auxiliary buildings and serving construction production, the structural system of which provides for their multiple turnover during the established service life.

3.8 fencing of the construction site: Fencing around the perimeter of the construction site or inside it to allocate the territory and sites for the production of construction, installation, dismantling works.

3.9 organization of warehousing: A set of measures and works for the organization of temporary storage of materials, products, structures and equipment.

3.10 demolition of an object: Liquidation of a building (structure) by one of the collapse methods (mechanical, thermal, explosive or combinations thereof) with preliminary dismantling of technical systems and finishing elements.

3.11 construction master plan (stroygenplan): An organizational and technological document consisting of graphic and calculation parts regulating the state of temporary construction infrastructure at a construction site during the construction, (reconstruction) or demolition of buildings and structures.

4 General provisions

4.1 The basic requirements for the organization and performance of work on the demolition of buildings and structures, the arrangement of the construction site and workplaces are given in and.

4.2 The organization and performance of demolition work must be carried out in compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and the requirements for ensuring the safety of workers, the public and the environment. The work should be carried out in accordance with the construction organization project (POS), the work organization project (POR) for demolition (dismantling) and the work execution project (PPR), taking into account GOST R 54869 and GOST R ISO 21500.

4.3 The demolition site and work areas must be fenced in accordance with GOST 23407 with the installation of safety signs and inscriptions in accordance with GOST R 12.4.026.

4.4 Work areas, workplaces, the territory of residential camps, driveways and passages to them in the dark must be illuminated in accordance with GOST 12.1.046.

4.5 The territory of the demolition site, work areas, workplaces, as well as driveways, walkways, storage areas, must be kept clean in accordance with SP 48.13330 and.

4.6 When leaving the site of the demolition of the object, a point for washing the wheels of trucks and construction vehicles should be equipped.

4.7 Before entering the site, information boards are installed in accordance with SP 48.13330.

4.8 Separate work areas and workplaces are provided with telephone or radio communications in accordance with.

5 Preparing for the demolition of buildings and structures

5.1 Before starting work on the demolition of buildings, measures are taken to decommission the building (structure) , . The list of these activities includes a survey of the general technical condition of buildings and structures in accordance with GOST 31937, SP 15.13330, SP 16.13330, SP 17.13330, SP 22.13330, SP 29.13330, SP 45.13330, SP 63.13330, SP 64.13330, SP 70.13330.

5.2 Inspection of the general technical condition of buildings (structures) is carried out in order to obtain initial data for the development of the ERP.

5.3 Bearing building structures are subject to inspection: brick, reinforced concrete, steel, wood.

5.4 The examination provides for:

Study of acts, conclusions (reports) of previously conducted surveys, available project documentation;

Development of schemes of safety devices under load-bearing structures;

Identification of emergency areas.

5.5 According to the results of the survey, the technical condition and bearing capacity of structures, the possibility of using certain methods of organization for the safe performance of work are determined.

5.6 Work on decommissioning the building is carried out in the following sequence:

Disconnection and dismantling of external communications;

Dismantling of internal engineering systems of water supply, gas supply, electricity supply, heat supply, ventilation, fire extinguishing and low-voltage equipment and devices;

Disassembly of floors, windows, doors and trim elements.

Underground inputs (releases) of gas supply networks, water supply and sewerage after shutdown, are dismantled simultaneously with the destruction and removal of foundations.

Preparations for dismantling and dismantling of technological equipment are being carried out: stands, machine tools, devices, pipelines, overhead and overhead cranes. All fasteners, instrumentation are removed, technological pipelines are disconnected. Equipment installed on reinforced concrete foundations is lifted (torn off from the supporting platforms) using jacks or wedges. Dismantling of equipment is carried out in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documentation, instructions and passports of manufacturers.

5.7 Work organization project - the main organizational document for the demolition of buildings and structures. The POR contains requirements and measures to ensure the safety of workers, the public and the environment, establishes the demolition method, the general sequence and procedure for work, including measures to prevent the progressive collapse of structures in certain areas, the volume and requirements for the maximum use of products of disassembly of the building (structure), waste disposal and serves as the basis for obtaining a work permit.

5.8 For a demolished or dismantled facility, on the basis of and in development of the POR, a project for the production of works (PPR) is developed, which determines the technological processes and operations, resources and safety measures.

5.9 As part of the project for the production of demolition of buildings and structures, the following is developed:

Work schedule, construction master plan or plan for the demolition site and adjacent areas;

Demolition waste removal schedule;

The need for mechanization, technological equipment, tools and fixtures;

Technological maps;

Safety, labor and environmental protection.

5.10 The calendar plan for the demolition of the object establishes the sequence and timing of the demolition work. According to the calendar plan, the need for construction machines, workers, the timing of the removal of demolition waste from the construction site is determined.

5.11 The project for the demolition of buildings and structures is approved by the chief engineer of the general contracting construction organization, and sections of the project for dismantling work are approved by the chief engineers of subcontracting organizations.

The approved project is transferred to the construction site before the start of work.

5.12 Obligations of the customer and contractors

5.12.1 The customer transfers to the general contractor all the necessary project documentation, approved in the prescribed manner.

The organization carrying out the demolition of the object must:

Obtain permission from the customer to demolish the facility;

Obtain documents (including an order) that allow disconnecting communications;

Appoint by written order the foreman, persons responsible for fire and electrical safety and persons exercising construction control.

6 Demolition and dismantling of building structures

6.1 General rules and demolition sequence

6.1.1 This section contains the rules, sequence and technologies for the demolition and dismantling of buildings (except for monolithic reinforced concrete), the requirements that must be observed during their collapse and dismantling are given in Section 7.

6.1.2 Demolition or dismantling of an object should be carried out in the reverse order of erection, i.e. from top to bottom, by floors, by sections, by spans.

6.1.3 When carrying out demolition work, it is necessary:

Ensure the strength and stability of the remaining support structures and adjacent elements;

Prevent structures from falling when their fastenings are released (embedding seams, welding, bolts).

6.1.4 To ensure the strength and stability of the remaining structures, the necessary calculations must be performed in connection with the design schemes of the building that change during demolition or dismantling. Based on the results of the calculations, temporary fixing of the remaining structures is performed. Schemes and designs of temporary fastenings should be given as part of the PPR.

6.1.5 Work on the demolition or dismantling of buildings should be organized using flow methods with a breakdown of objects into sections.

6.1.6 Parts of objects with identical volumes of work are allocated as grips. In residential buildings, part of a floor or section can be used as a grip; in one-story industrial buildings, a span or part of a span within the temperature gap.

6.2 Dismantling of residential and public buildings with brick walls

Roof dismantling;

Dismantling of roofing protection;

Dismantling of wooden structures of pitched roofs;

Disassembly of the attic floor;

Floor dismantling of external and internal walls;

Floor-by-floor dismantling of interfloor overlappings;

Floor dismantling of floors;

Floor dismantling of flights of stairs and platforms;

Dismantling of the ceiling above the basement;

Demolition of basement walls and foundations.

6.3 Dismantling of load-bearing and enclosing structures of residential and public panel buildings from precast concrete

Work sequence:

Disassembly of the roof fencing;

Dismantling of parapet wall panels;

Floor-by-floor temporary fixing of the dismantled elements of external and internal walls with the help of special technological equipment;

Dismantling of covering panels;

Dismantling of partition panels;

Floor dismantling of internal and external wall panels;

Floor dismantling of floors;

Floor-by-floor dismantling of floor panels;

Dismantling of sanitary cabins and elevator shafts;

Dismantling elements of stairs and balconies;

Dismantling of floor slabs above the basement;

Demolition of basement walls and dismantling of foundations.

6.4 Rules for the dismantling of industrial frame buildings (one-story and multi-story)

6.4.1 The structural system of industrial buildings of industrial facilities, as a rule, is framed from steel or reinforced concrete elements.

6.4.2 According to the constructive scheme, frames can be frame or tie.

6.4.3 In frame frames, stability and geometric invariability in the transverse direction is ensured by frames, in the longitudinal direction - by installing steel ties between columns in one step for each row of columns. Connections are usually established in the middle of the temperature block. Combining two transverse frames into one block using a floor (cover) disk and column ties creates a rigid tie block that provides spatial rigidity and stability.

6.4.4 In braced frames, the stability and geometric immutability of buildings is ensured by a floor (cover) disk and stiffening diaphragms between columns in both directions or stiffening cores. Staircase walls can also serve as diaphragms or stiffening cores.

6.4.5 Demolition or dismantling of buildings should be carried out in such a way that during the dismantling process, a spatially stable section is always left. Therefore, the dismantling of building structures should be started in the direction from the ends of the building and the expansion joint to the bracing blocks or stiffening cores on both sides. If necessary, provision is made for the installation of temporary elements that provide the necessary stability.

The structures of the communication blocks are disassembled last.

The dismantling of structures of multi-storey buildings is carried out tiered, (floor-by-floor), element-by-element. Work on the next tier is allowed only after the completion of work on the previous tier.

6.5 Dismantling of the supporting and enclosing structures of the frame of one-story industrial buildings (steel and reinforced concrete)

Work sequence:

Dismantling of special structures (stairs, viewing platforms, ramps, shafts, galleries, rail tracks).

Dismantling of lanterns;

Roof dismantling;

Dismantling of roof fencing and parapet wall panels;

Dismantling of the bearing structures of the coating (corrugated board, reinforced concrete slabs);

Dismantling of coating runs;

Dismantling of lanterns;

Dismantling of windows, doors, bends;

Dismantling of wall panels;

Dismantling of the supporting structures of the coating (truss and truss trusses, beams);

Dismantling of crane beams;

Dismantling of columns;

Dismantling of foundation beams and foundations;

6.5.1 When dismantling building structures, it is necessary to ensure the stability of the position of trusses and columns after their release from adjacent supporting structures.

Measures to ensure the stability of structures during dismantling and technological equipment should be contained in the PPR.

6.6 Dismantling of structures of multi-storey buildings (steel and reinforced concrete)

Work sequence:

Roof dismantling;

Dismantling of roofing protection and parapet wall panels;

Disassembly of floor slabs;

Floor dismantling of floors;

Floor dismantling of windows and doors;

Floor dismantling of partitions;

Floor dismantling of wall panels;

Floor dismantling of floor slabs;

Floor-by-floor dismantling of crossbars of interfloor ceilings;

Floor dismantling of columns;

Floor-by-floor disassembly of bracing abutments and stiffening diaphragms;

Floor disassembly of stair structures;

Dismantling of foundation beams;

Demolition of basement walls and foundations.

6.7 Dismantling of pitched roofs of buildings with brick walls

6.7.1 Prior to the commencement of work on dismantling the roof, all elements of engineering systems (radio and television antennas, wiring, billboards) must be dismantled.

6.7.2 Disassembly is carried out in two stages:

Removal of roofing;

Dismantling of the load-bearing elements of the roof.

6.7.3 The most commonly used roof covering for pitched roofs can be:

From galvanized steel sheets;

From wavy chrysotile cement sheets;

From rolled roofing materials;

From piece small elements.

6.7.4 The steel roof is dismantled in the following sequence:

Cover sheets (aprons) are removed near protruding parts (ventilation pipes and other protruding parts);

Clamps are separated from the crate;

One of the standing folds is opened for a picture along the entire slope of the roof;

The recumbent fold is detached, fastening the picture with the sheets of the gutter;

The picture is lifted with a crowbar and turned over to the next row.

The rest of the roof is disassembled in the same sequence. The disassembled paintings are rolled up and immediately lowered for safety reasons.

6.7.5 The dismantling of the roof from chrysotile cement sheets begins with ridge elements, then ordinary sheets are dismantled in the reverse order of installation, after which pipes, overhangs, trays are removed.

6.7.6 Roofing from rolled materials is dismantled by notching and tearing off its sections. Roofing from piece materials is disassembled element by element in the reverse order of their structure.

6.7.7 The wooden crate is disassembled manually element by element using nail pullers and special crowbars.

6.7.8 The wooden structures of the rafters are completely dismantled using lifting mechanisms. The structures are slinged and supported by a crane, the fasteners are removed.

6.7.9 The dismantled long-length elements of the layered rafters are stored on the roof with support on the outer and inner walls and then lowered down with a crane and transferred to the storage area.

6.8 Dismantling of roofs of panel and frame buildings

6.8.1 Roof disassembly is performed in the following sequence:

Roofing disassembly;

Dismantling of parapet panels, cornice blocks and floor slabs.

6.8.2 Roofing (soft, rolled, mastic, metal sheets) is recommended to be divided into strips of 1000x500 mm (slabs of 1000x1000 mm) that are convenient for carrying and storing.

6.8.3 Monolithic joints, seams, metal ties of roofing slabs (flooring) are freed from mortar.

Roofing slinging is recommended to be carried out using a four-branch sling and four grippers, which are installed in specially drilled (punched) holes. Then the crane makes a weak tightness of the slings and cuts the metal ties.

6.8.4 The roof slab is torn off with a hydraulic wedge or jacks and lifted a few centimeters by a crane.

Before lifting, the roof slab is raised by 20-30 cm to check the reliability of the slinging. In the same way, parapet panels, cornice blocks and house covering slabs are dismantled.

6.9 Floor-by-floor dismantling of elements of interfloor floors of brick buildings along wooden (steel) beams

6.9.1 The design of the interfloor ceiling is shown in Figure 1.

Disassembly is carried out from top to bottom in the reverse order of installation, starting from the farthest grip point and includes the following operations:

a) boardwalks:

Disassembly of clean floors and logs;

b) parquet from piece and panel parquet:

Removal of sound, heat-insulating backfill;

Dismantling of wooden selection;

Disassembly of the plank filing of the ceiling;

Dismantling of floor beams.

6.9.2 Plank floors are dismantled manually using a nail puller, crowbar and hammer in the sequence:

Plinths and ventilation grilles are removed and one of the frieze boards is removed;

Ordinary floor boards are sequentially disassembled (without damaging the tongue or tongue and groove);

After removing the nails, the boards are stacked and moved to the temporary storage area.

In the same way, logs and bases for parquet floors are disassembled.

6.9.3 Dismantling of parquet floors from block parquet begins with the removal of skirting boards and friezes. Then, with the help of a nail puller and a crowbar, all parquet rivets are sequentially torn off from the base.

6.9.4 In the case of panel parquet, the entire panel is torn off from the joist and adjacent panels. The dismantled panels are stacked and transferred to the temporary storage area.

6.9.5 Backfill is removed with shovels into garbage boxes installed on wooden boards, which are laid on two adjacent floor beams at a distance of no more than 1.5 m from the wall. The filled boxes are transported by a tower crane to a receiving object bunker (dump) or directly to vehicles. The number of bunkers for the maximum use of a tower crane is determined in the PPR.

6.9.7 The selection boards are removed with a crowbar and placed in packages with spacers along the floor beams. Work on the removal of the backfill and the dismantling of the selection is carried out from the running decks installed during the dismantling of the floors.

6.9.8 Disassembly of the plank filing is performed in the following sequence:

The plaster is beaten off in strips of at least 200 mm - from the installer's platforms along the perimeter of the walls of the premises on the underlying floor at the junction of the walls to the ceiling;

The trimmed sections of the filing, with a width of at least 1.0 m, are torn off from the existing running ladders with the help of crowbar strikes on the filing at the beams;

Further disassembly of the filing is carried out with the help of crowbars-nail pullers into separate boards - from the installer's platforms;

Boards are packaged and removed with a tower crane to a temporary storage area - after removing or bending the nails.

6.9.9 Dismantling and dismantling of wooden floor beams is carried out depending on the technical condition of the beams according to two schemes:

Floor beams, in a healthy technical condition, are slinged, then sawn at the supports (walls) and removed with a crane to a temporary storage site,

If the beams are significantly damaged by rot or fungus, they are additionally sawn in the middle of the span.

Disassembly work is carried out in the following sequence:

The beam is supported by an adjustable collapsible support system in three places - at the supports (walls) and in the middle of the span (Figure 2);

The ends of the beams in the walls are released using a pneumatic hammer;

Metal anchors at the ends of the beam are bent to the side using crowbars and hammers;

Transverse cuts of beams are carried out;

Beams are slinged and removed to temporary storage areas.

The spatial rigidity and stability of the building after the floor is dismantled is ensured by the preservation of every fourth floor beam, embedded and anchored into the wall, along which steel struts are installed.

The materials obtained as a result of the dismantling of floors can be reused, for example, in the construction of temporary buildings.

6.9.10 Interfloor ceilings on metal beams are dismantled in the same sequence, taking into account additional requirements:

The flooring is impregnated with flame retardant or covered with metal or chrysotile sheets at the cutting points;

At the workplace, a container with water and a fire extinguisher are installed;

The ends of the beams, heated after cutting, are cooled with water.

6.10 Floor dismantling of precast concrete slabs and wall panels

6.10.1 Before dismantling the plates, the following works are performed:

Holes with a diameter of 40-60 mm are drilled in the places of slinging;

Joints and seams between the slabs are freed from concrete embedding in the ways specified in the technological map.

After that, the slabs are slinged with ring slings, torn off by wedging with hydraulic wedges or jacks from the supporting plane, and after checking the reliability of the insurance, they are lifted and transferred to the storage area.

6.10.2 Dismantling of the external and internal walls of panel buildings is carried out in the following sequence:

Temporary fastening of the panels on the grip using struts;

Two holes are drilled in the panels for slinging, into which anchors are inserted;

Slinging of panels is carried out using a four-branch sling;

The filling of vertical seams along the ends of the panel is cut out or cut down, mounting connections are cut off, struts are removed.

With the straps stretched, the panel is torn off with the help of metal wedges driven into the seam between the panels, hydraulic wedges or jacks;

The panel is lifted by 0.5 m to lift it off the supporting surface, as well as to check the slinging, and is moved to the warehouse.

6.10.3 The dismantling of the internal panels is carried out in the same sequence as the external ones.

Dismantled panels are installed in a warehouse in pyramids.

6.10.4 Dismantling of panel walls of multi-storey industrial buildings is carried out in the direction from top to bottom, floor by floor. Slinging is carried out using a four-legged sling and grippers inserted into the drilled holes. The joints between the panels are freed from the mortar, the details of the connection of the wall panels with the columns are cut off. The panels are dismantled and transferred to the warehouse.

6.11 Demolition of brick walls of buildings

6.11.1 Methods for dismantling brick walls of buildings are assigned depending on their thickness, strength of mortar joints and dismantling conditions. When laying the walls of ancient buildings on lime mortar, disassembly is carried out along the planes of individual bricks.

Brick walls of buildings built on a cement-sand mortar are cut into separate blocks or broken into blocks during disassembly. The dimensions of the blocks, depending on the strength of the masonry and the load capacity of the mechanisms, are assigned in the PPR.

Slinging of brick blocks is carried out with the help of clamshell grips, as well as with the help of a pin inserted into the drilled holes and grips. Dismantling is carried out using manual machines and various hand tools (jackhammers, disc milling machines, crowbars, sledgehammers, etc.) in accordance with GOST 12.2.010, GOST 12.2.013.0. With a strong masonry, to improve the conditions for disassembly, cuts and hemming of the walls are made.

6.11.2 Brick blocks are moved down by cranes, freight elevators or with the help of closed chutes, transportation to the elevator (chute) is carried out by wheelbarrows.

Dismantling of brick walls is carried out from scaffolding or inventory scaffolding.

6.12 Dismantling of structural elements of multi-storey frame buildings from precast concrete

6.12.1 Before dismantling the crossbar, the column is secured with braces. Dismantling is carried out in the following sequence:

The joints of the crossbar with the column are freed from concreting;

The connecting steel parts and welds on the column console are cut - after the crossbar is slinged and the slings are slightly tight;

With the help of a hydraulic wedge, the crossbar is separated from the horizontal platform of the column console.

The crossbar is dismantled and transferred to the storage area. After dismantling the crossbar, the column is dismantled, the work is performed in the following sequence:

Slinging of columns is carried out;

With a weak tightness of the slings, temporary fastenings of the columns (struts) are removed;

The junction of two columns is released from concrete embedding;

Steel connecting elements are cut off;

With the help of a hydrocline, the column rises and shifts somewhat;

The upper column is separated;

The dismantled column is moved to the place of storage.

6.13 Dismantling of load-bearing structures of one-story frame buildings

6.13.1 Roof (under-rafter) trusses (steel or reinforced concrete) when dismantling the supporting and enclosing structures, the coatings are unfastened using braces or spacers to ensure the stability of the system.

Farms are dismantled in the following sequence:

Slinging of the farm is carried out (the place of slinging is indicated in the PPR);

With a weak tension of the sling, bolts and welds on the columns are cut;

The trusses are raised by 0.5 m above the installation site;

The farm is transferred to the vehicle.

Transportation of farms is carried out according to the requirements for the transportation of new products.

6.13.2 Dismantling of columns of multi-storey industrial buildings (steel and reinforced concrete) is carried out in the following sequence:

After dismantling the trusses, the column, if required by the results of calculations, is unfastened for stability by two stretch marks in the plane of least rigidity;

After the slinging of the column, the concrete base of the columns is laid out and the anchor foundation bolts are cut (for steel columns), temporary connections are removed;

The reinforced concrete column, rigidly fixed in the foundation, is cut, with a weak tension of the slings, the bare reinforcement of the columns is cut off, the remaining concrete is knocked out;

The column rises above the installation site by 0.5 m and is transferred to a temporary storage warehouse.

Columns should be stacked with wooden spacers - according to the rules for warehousing new columns.

6.13.3 Dismantling of crane beams is carried out in the following sequence:

Slinging of crane beams is carried out, the places of slinging are indicated in the PPR;

With a weak tension of the slings, the steel connecting parts of the beam with the column are cut, and the anchor bolts are cut;

The beam, using a hydrowedge or a jack, is detached from the supporting plane and rises above the installation site by 0.5 m;

The beam is transferred to the vehicle.

Dismantling of steel crane beams with a length of 12 m is carried out in enlarged sections, including crane rails, brakes and stops.

6.13.4 Dismantling of foundation beams is carried out in the following sequence:

The blind area is dismantled and the soil is excavated, to the depth of the foundation, using an excavator;

Concrete is removed between the beams - with the help of jackhammers;

The beam is detached from the supporting plane with the help of a hydraulic wedge or a jack;

The beam is lifted by 0.5 m and transferred to a temporary storage warehouse or to a vehicle.

6.14 Ladder dismantling

6.4.1 The dismantling of stairs of multi-storey buildings is carried out floor by floor, from top to bottom, simultaneously with the dismantling of floors and walls of the floor.

6.14.2 Before starting work on dismantling the structures of stairs, the railing of one flight is dismantled using oxy-fuel cutting.

6.14.3 In dismantled buildings, there may be the following staircase designs:

Flights of stairs on steel stringers with stacked concrete steps and reinforced concrete platforms;

Stair flights and landings made of monolithic reinforced concrete;

Stair flights and landings made of prefabricated reinforced concrete.

The sequence for disassembling the stairs is as follows:

Dismantling of railings within one march;

Release from fastenings of the march and steps during slinging and low tension of the lines;

Dismantling of flights of stairs (steps);

Exemption from fastening stringers during slinging;

Dismantling of stringers;

Dismantling of landings and beams.

Type-setting steps are dismantled from top to bottom with the help of a crowbar. The dismantled steps are lowered along the guides to the underlying landing, packaged and removed by crane to the temporary storage area.

6.15 Dismantling of foundations

Possible designs of foundations when dismantling residential and public buildings:

From rubble stone (old buildings);

Concrete monolithic;

Reinforced concrete from prefabricated blocks.

The foundations for the outer walls are dug along the perimeter of the walls using an excavator. The foundations for the interior walls are dug out by hand.

6.16 Dismantling of massive reinforced concrete structures

6.16.1 Massive reinforced concrete structures can be foundations for column-type columns of one-story and multi-story industrial buildings, as well as foundations for equipment. Dismantling of such structures should be carried out by one of the demolition methods given in Section 7.

6.16.2 The choice of the collapse method is made in the PPR, taking into account the following factors:

The conditions under which the collapse work must be carried out;

Possibilities of using lifting, loading and transport vehicles;

Availability and possibility of acquiring means of destruction of the material of dismantled structures;

Availability of workers and engineering and technical workers of the required qualifications;

Feasibility study of the selected means of destruction;

Measures for the safety of work.

6.17 Dismantling of buildings (structures) with a frame of wooden structures

6.17.1 Buildings with a frame of wooden structures, as a rule, are one-story.

6.17.2 Dismantling of wooden frame buildings is carried out according to the rules and in the sequence given for steel and reinforced concrete structures. Dismantling is carried out in the order from top to bottom horizontally from the end of the building (or expansion joint) in the direction of the connection block.

6.17.3 Dismantling of frame buildings covered with wooden trusses on wooden columns is carried out element by element.

6.17.4 During the dismantling of structures, trusses and columns, released from adjacent supporting structures, must be unfastened by mounting braces or guy wires.

6.17.5 Dismantling of wooden trusses is carried out in the following sequence:

After the implementation of the slinging, with a weak tension of the slings, the support nodes of the trusses are released from the fastenings on the column;

Temporary fastenings (struts, stretch marks) are dismantled;

The farm rises above the column to a height of 0.5 m and is transferred to a temporary storage warehouse or to a vehicle;

Slinging points for trusses with metal lower chords during lifting should ensure that the metal chords work in tension.

6.17.6 Wooden columns, when rigidly connected to the foundation, must be decoupled from the plane before dismantling.

When the racks are hinged on the foundations, for the period of dismantling, they are decoupled by temporary bonds in two planes.

6.18 Dismantling glued wooden arches and frames

6.18.1 Three-hinged arches and frames with a hinge in the key and with transfer of thrust to the foundations are dismantled using a mobile mounting tower in the ridge area. The tower is supplied with the necessary equipment, which allows to fix the structures of semi-frames, semi-arches in the process of dismantling. Before starting dismantling, the structure must be unfastened from the plane.

Dismantling is carried out in the following sequence:

The ridge knot is fixed on the tower from vertical movements;

When slinging one half-frame (semi-arch), disassembly (looseness) of the ridge assembly and the supporting lower assembly is carried out;

The dismantled semi-frame (semi-arch) rises by 0.5 m from the design position and is transferred to the vehicle;

The second half of the structure is being dismantled.

6.18.2 Dismantling of large-span prefabricated double-hinged arches and frames supported by foundations is carried out in separate parts using mounting supports located in the joint area and equipped with appropriate equipment for dismantling joints and fixing parts of structures in a vertical position. Before the start of dismantling, the structures are unfastened from the plane. After dismantling the joints and support fastenings, the parts of the structures are dismantled.

6.18.3 The dismantled structural elements are transferred by crane to vehicles or to a temporary storage site.

6.18.4 When storing, it is necessary to provide for the protection of wooden structures from long-term atmospheric influences.

6.18.5 Dismantling of load-bearing wooden structures should be carried out in accordance with the PPR.

6.19 Demolition of emergency buildings and structures and facilities after a fire

6.19.1 Buildings and structures with emergency areas, including those from the effects of fire, should be eliminated by dismantling or collapse. The justified choice of the demolition method must be specified in the customer's task, agreed with the regulatory authorities.

6.19.2 When demolishing an object, all the basic rules, sequence and technology for dismantling buildings given in this section must be followed.

6.19.3 Demolition of a building can be carried out by one of the demolition methods given in Section 7. When working on demolition, especially emergency buildings, safety requirements must be observed:

Installation of temporary fasteners;

Territory fencing;

Installation of scaffolding on the facades of the building, with a stretched mesh as a protective fence.

7 Methods of collapse and dismantling of building structures during the demolition of buildings and structures

7.1 For the collapse of building structures, methods are used that are divided into mechanical, thermal and explosive, or combinations thereof. The mechanical ones are:

Excavators with interchangeable attachments: wedge-hammer, ball-hammer, hydraulic shears, etc. For the demolition of one- or two-story buildings, hydraulic excavators are used, which provide the ability to control and control the direction of fall of structures and elements being destroyed. For the demolition of panel buildings up to five floors, excavators with universal hydraulic grippers are used. For the demolition of panel and monolithic buildings up to 25 m high, excavators with hydraulic or mechanical scissors should be used. For the demolition of buildings and structures up to 60 m high, special excavators-destroyers weighing from 150 tons, equipped with hydraulic shears, are used. For the opening of asphalt concrete pavements, the rapid destruction of concrete and reinforced concrete structures, a hydraulic hammer is used as a working replacement body for a backhoe loader.

Machine tools with diamond cutting discs are used when cutting concrete and reinforced concrete up to 450 mm thick;

Diamond wire - a steel cable with diamond bushings located on it. The work is carried out by means of a rope machine with a motor and a system of rollers that control the movement of the rope. It is used for dismantling structures made of concrete, reinforced concrete, brick and natural stone of great thickness;

Wedge splitters driven by a hydraulic cylinder. The design is destroyed silently and without scattering of fragments.

The method is used for the destruction of monolithic and brick structures in cramped conditions.

7.2 The means of thermal impact on materials of destroyed structures include:

Oxygen spear;

Gas-jet powder-oxygen lance;

Powder-oxygen cutter;

Reactive jet burner;

Electric arc melting.

High-performance thermal methods for the destruction of monolithic reinforced concrete structures are based on the use of a heat source in the form of a high-temperature gas flow or an electric arc. Using these methods, holes with a diameter of 30-120 mm and a depth of up to 4 m are burned in concrete and concrete and reinforced concrete are cut with a thickness of 300-400 mm. Protection against outgassing, scattering of sparks and incandescent particles should be provided.

7.3 The means of explosive impact on the material of structures include:

Explosives;

Hydraulic explosion;

Devices of electrohydraulic action.

The explosive demolition method using explosives is used, as a rule, on free sites. In cramped building conditions, this method requires a splinter protection device.

7.3.1 Hydraulic explosion is used for crushing and splitting the material of building structures.

7.3.2 In the electrohydraulic method of destruction of reinforced concrete monolithic structures, the physical effect of a high-pressure hydraulic shock that occurs in a limited volume of liquid during an electric discharge is used. The advantage of the method, in comparison with mechanical means, is the absence of noise, dust and gases. The method is safer in comparison with explosives, since the area of fragments expansion is reduced.

7.3.3 Building structures can be dismantled:

Through the complete destruction of the material from which they are made, for example, reinforced concrete foundations made of concrete of classes up to B25;

Through the partial destruction of the material of the building frame elements: columns, crossbars, crane beams.

7.3.4 Concrete bases and floors with a thickness of 200 to 500 mm, brick, concrete and reinforced concrete walls and partitions, reinforced concrete floor slabs and coatings can be destroyed by partial or complete destruction of the material from which they are made.

8 Construction control and supervision of demolition of buildings and structures

8.1 Construction control and supervision over the demolition of buildings is carried out in the process of performing work to verify the compliance of the work performed with the design documentation and the requirements of technical regulations.

8.2 Construction control is carried out by representatives of the customer and the general contractor.

The implementation and procedure for conducting construction control is regulated.

8.3 State construction supervision is carried out if the design documentation for the demolition of buildings and structures is subject to state expertise in accordance with.

The subject of state construction supervision is the verification of compliance of the work performed during the demolition process with the requirements of technical regulations and project documentation.

The implementation and procedure for conducting state construction supervision is regulated by Art.

9 Means of mechanization for the demolition of buildings and structures

9.1 To carry out work on the dismantling and dismantling of buildings and structures, load-lifting cranes are used: jib cranes (on automobile, pneumatic-wheeled or caterpillar tracks), tower cranes, as well as other machines and mechanisms. The choice of a crane from those available is carried out according to operational characteristics and technical and economic indicators in the PPR.

9.2 Dismantling and dismantling works are carried out using universal manual electric and pneumatic machines (hammers, grinding with a cutting disc, drilling), gas cutters.

9.3 Depending on the conditions of work, geometric dimensions and weight of the load, load-handling devices of various designs (slings, traverses, grips, etc.) are used. Slings are among the simplest load-handling devices in their design and are flexible elements with end fasteners and gripping bodies of various designs. As a flexible bearing element, as a rule, steel wire ropes are used, less often - chains and tapes. According to the number of branches, the slings are divided into single-branch (1SK), two-branch (2SK), three-branch (3SK), four-branch (4SK) and universal (USK), chain single-branch (1STs), two-branch (2STs), three-branch (3STs), four-branch ( 4STs) and universal (USTs). Simple slings (SK and SC) are used for lifting loads with special devices (loops, hooks, bolts, etc.), universal slings are used for slinging loads with strapping.

Multi-branch slings are used to lift and move building parts and structures with two, three or four attachment points. They are widely used for slinging building elements (panels, blocks, trusses, etc.) equipped with loops or lugs. When using a multi-branch sling, the load must be transferred to all branches evenly, which is ensured by auxiliary connections. Universal slings are used when lifting cargo, which cannot be tied with ordinary slings (pipes, boards, rolled metal, apparatus, etc.).

Traverses are used to lift and move long or large structures or equipment (columns, trusses, beams, etc.). Traverses are equipped with various grips, which include rope or chain slings with hooks, carabiners or grips.

9.4 For separation, hydraulic devices such as wedge jacks are used.

9.5 In addition to cranes, other machines and mechanisms are required, as well as a large range of technological equipment. Table A.1 of Appendix A shows fixtures and equipment for the dismantling of a large-panel building.

10 Demolition safety

10.1 Work safety and labor protection are provided by organizational, technical and technological solutions provided for in the PPR and technological maps. The main requirement that contributes to the safety of work is the arrangement of temporary fastenings and compliance with the sequence of dismantling of building structures.

10.2 Workers are allowed to work after a briefing on labor safety at the workplace, taking into account the specifics of the dismantling of a particular structure. Dismantling is carried out under the direct supervision of an engineering and technical worker appointed by order of the organization.

10.3 Dangerous zones must be marked with signs and inscriptions of the established form in accordance with GOST R 12.4.026. At the border of hazardous areas, temporary protective fences are installed in accordance with GOST 12.4.059.

10.4 Fire safety and electrical safety at the site must meet the requirements.

10.5 Electric cutting work on steel is performed in accordance with GOST 12.1.004, and. Carrying out electric cutting work in the open air during rain and snowfall is not allowed.

10.6 Demolition work is carried out, as a rule, during daylight hours. Dismantling works at night (from 22.00 to 06.00) are carried out under certain conditions and after the relevant permission of the local authorities.

10.7 Openings in the ceiling, including elevator shafts, ventilation shafts and blocks that remain temporarily open during dismantling, are covered with inventory solid shields or temporary fences are placed around the perimeter. Open openings in the walls of the house should be closed with solid shields or be fixed with temporary fences around the entire perimeter, removed during the dismantling of floor slabs.

When temporarily fixing panels:

With the help of supports: it is necessary that both support shoes stand on the floor slabs, the installation of linings under the support shoes is not allowed;

Ties, struts (clamps with screw clamps).

10.8 When performing work at a height of more than 1.3 m (installation of temporary ties, fastenings and fences, dismantling of external panels, balcony slabs, floor panels, etc.), workers must be attached using a carabiner on the mounting belt to a specially tensioned cable or to anti-altitude device. The dismantling of the roof elements at a height of more than 1.3 m is carried out from the transitional scaffolding, based on the beams of the wooden floor or on the reinforced concrete floor. When dismantling cornices and overhangs, the presence of workers on the elements being dismantled or adjacent to them is prohibited.

10.9 It is not allowed to carry out demolition or dismantling of the house on different floors simultaneously along the same vertical (section). The entrance to the lower premises during the work must be closed.

10.10 During the operation of the crane, its driver and dismantler (slingers) must be provided with radio intercoms. When lifting and lowering the dismantled elements, the vertical position of the cargo ropes must be ensured. It is not allowed to pull out jammed slings and ropes by a crane, lifting reinforced concrete elements that are not completely released from the bonds, pulling them back during lifting, moving and lowering. It is forbidden to load the floors of the house, panels, slabs and other dismantled elements.

10.11 Slinging of reinforced concrete elements should be carried out with certified load-handling devices or inventory slings. It is forbidden to sling reinforced concrete elements for the preserved mounting loops. Hooks must be with safety locking devices.

10.12 Construction debris must fall down closed chutes, in closed boxes or containers. The lower end of the chute must enter the waste bin or be no higher than 1 m above the ground.

11 Environmental protection and public safety during demolition

11.1 In the course of dismantling works, the conditions for environmental protection must be observed. The dust content of the air must match.

11.2 When performing work on the planning of the territory, the soil layer suitable for subsequent use must be removed and stored in a special designated place.

11.3 Work should be carried out with maximum protection of green spaces. Green spaces, for which there is no logging ticket, are subject to protection - they are fenced and protected with wooden shields.

11.4 Small pieces of demolition waste should be transported to processing points in containers (packages) in containers intended for this purpose. Waste that cannot be disposed of should be removed, in accordance with an agreement with the local environmental protection and nature management authority, to a landfill.

12 Disposal of materials and structures resulting from the demolition of buildings and structures

12.1 Disposal of concrete and reinforced concrete structures

12.1.1 The procedure and composition of the preparatory work for the collection and transportation of structures and materials obtained during the liquidation of buildings depends on the method of their demolition (dismantling or collapse) and is carried out in accordance with the POS.

12.1.2 During the dismantling of building structures, undestroyed structural elements (beams, columns, panels, etc.) are obtained, which, after technical diagnostics, assessment of their qualities by external signs and non-destructive testing, should be divided into standard and non-standard.

12.1.3 Substandard structures, after their preliminary sorting by overall dimensions, by types and strength characteristics of concrete, should be sent for processing at stationary complexes.

12.1.4 During the liquidation of the building by the method of collapse, partially destroyed structural elements are obtained, the dimensions of which do not always correspond to the parameters of the primary crushers, therefore, at the demolition site, they must be crushed to the size of the crusher's feed opening and transported for further processing.

12.1.5 To avoid clogging of products with foreign inclusions (wood, glass, roofing material, etc.) before primary crushing, manual selection is carried out using a belt conveyor with a belt of increased width and a speed of about 0.2 m / s - safe for personnel.

In some cases, culling of wood waste is carried out in the aquatic environment.

12.2 Recycling of substandard reinforced concrete products

12.2.1 Large-sized products of substandard reinforced concrete delivered to a stationary site by road are processed.

12.2.2 The technological process of processing includes two stages:

Preliminary destruction of products with separation of reinforcement;

Final secondary crushing of the separated mass of concrete in standard crushing plants.

12.2.3 Mechanical complexes are used as processing units.

The complex includes:

Unit for the primary destruction of reinforced concrete products by a hydraulic lever press;

Belt conveyor systems;

Magnetic separator of fittings;

Serial jaw crusher;

Crushed stone storage bins.

The crushed stone obtained as a result of crushing is transferred by means of a belt conveyor to storage bins equipped with electric slide gates or to a finished product warehouse. Reinforcement, separated from concrete, is transferred to a temporary storage warehouse by means of a lifting mechanism.

12.2.5 The technology of destruction of substandard reinforced concrete structures using installations is carried out in the following order:

By means of a lifting mechanism, a substandard reinforced concrete product is installed on the grate table;

The product is destroyed by a lever knife;

The crushed material, as the product is destroyed, falls through the grate of the table onto the belt conveyor and is transferred to the crushing unit;

Pieces of reinforcing steel are removed from the mass of crushed concrete on a conveyor belt using a magnetic separator in the exit zone of the conveyor belt;

Secondary crushing of pieces of concrete separated from reinforcement is carried out by a crusher.

12.2.6 The applied crushing technologies depend on the composition of the processed materials and product requirements, therefore, the technological schemes are completed in accordance with specific conditions:

One-stage crushing, without separation into fractions and waste disposal;

Two-stage crushing without sorting;

One- or two-stage crushing with sorting to obtain one or more product fractions, with crushers operating in a closed cycle;

One- or two-stage crushing with sorting and production of products, the fractional composition of which can be changed using controlled technology.

In one-stage crushing of reinforced concrete products, as a rule, jaw crushers are used, in two-stage crushing - rotary or cone, to obtain a grain of crushed stone of a cubic shape.

12.2.7 Crushing equipment, which is part of the production line for the processing of reinforced concrete products of the demolition or dismantling of buildings, can be stationary, mobile or complex (temporary inclusion of mobile units in the stationary complex).

12.3 Scope of recycled materials

As a result of the processing of substandard reinforced concrete products from the demolition or dismantling of buildings, crushed stone of various fractions and sand are obtained, which are reused in the manufacture of concrete mixtures and mortars.

Secondary large aggregates can be used in the construction of crushed stone bases for floors and foundations of buildings, for asphalt concrete pavements of roads of all classes, as well as the use of fine fraction (up to 5 mm) as an aggregate in asphalt concrete. According to GOST 26633, the use of aggregates from crushed concrete in concrete mixtures in the production of concrete and reinforced concrete structures with a strength of 5-20 MPa and a strength of 20-30 MPa (when mixed with natural crushed stone) is allowed only after testing, confirming the possibility of obtaining concrete with normalized quality indicators .

12.4 Recycling of reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures and substandard elements of steel structures

12.4.1 Reinforcement and embedded products separated from concrete of destructible reinforced concrete structures are subject to disposal.

12.4.2 The technological process of recycling fittings and embedded products provides for the following operations:

Removal of reinforcement and embedded products from the installation of primary destruction of concrete;

Grinding of rebar into measured pieces according to GOST 2787 by fire cutting or using hydraulic or alligator shears;

Extraction of remnants of reinforcement and embedded products from crushed concrete;

Realization through delivery to enterprises for processing.

12.4.3 Substandard products from steel structures obtained as a result of the demolition of buildings are disposed of in a similar way.

12.5 Recycling and use of brick wall materials

12.5.1 Materials obtained from the dismantling of the brick walls of the building using the mechanical method of destruction (cutting) are blocks, the dimensions of which do not always correspond to the parameters of the intake opening of the crushers. To prepare for crushing, the blocks must be crushed at the demolition site to the size of the crusher feed opening and transported for processing on stationary production lines.

12.5.2 Primary processing of brick waste from the demolition of the building should be carried out on single-rotor crushers, the resulting crushed stone is transferred by a belt conveyor to the storage hopper.

12.5.3 The need for further phased grinding, sorting of crushed stone and its use are determined by the technical conditions of the customer.

12.6 Recycling and disposal of substandard wood products

12.6.1 Wooden substandard products are obtained during the demolition of buildings from the dismantling of roofs, interfloor ceilings and from the demolition of buildings with frames made of wooden structures.

12.6.2 Substandard wooden materials can be used as raw materials in the production of fuel briquettes, fibrolite, chipboard, etc., by grinding them into sawdust and shavings. Requirements for the quality of materials supplied for recycling are determined by the technical conditions of the enterprise - the manufacturer of the products.

12.7 Recycling and disposal of other building materials

12.7.1 Processing of cullet

Cullet is processed by crushing and grinding in order to obtain a finely dispersed bulk material in the form of a powder, for use as an active filler in the manufacture of various building materials. Fine powder is used for the manufacture of foam concrete blocks, as a component that acts as a filler and binder at the same time. When processing cullet in a rod mixer, it is necessary to maintain the necessary processing mode, which makes it possible to obtain powder with particles smaller than 0.5-1 mm, in this case, the finely dispersed components of the powder are used as binders.

The plant for processing cullet should provide the possibility of additional grinding of the powder to increase its binding properties. An example of a cullet processing line is shown in Figure 3.

This production line is also used for the processing of insulation in a different mode of operation. The installation consists of a unit for receiving the initial material of a hammer crusher for primary crushing, grinding and screening, which ensures the production of fillers of the required fractions suitable for the manufacture of various building materials and products.

The unit operates in an open area and has a dust removal system.

12.7.2 Waste insulation recycling

Insulation waste is processed to obtain a dispersed powder used in the manufacture of foam concrete wall blocks as a filler, instead of natural quartz sand. In terms of their physical properties, dispersed powders obtained from the processing of various heaters correspond to fillers from glass processing. Heaters used in construction practice are subject to processing for reuse: expanded clay, slag and other fillings, plate heaters.

The heaters listed above are stored in containers or separate piles at the site of demolition of the building and delivered to the point of their processing by road.

At the recycling point, fibrous heaters (mineral wool) are stored in a separate pile and mixed with other types of heaters in a ratio of 1:3 before being loaded into the receiving hopper of the crushing and grinding plant. In this case, preliminary crushing of plate heaters should be carried out so that the size of the pieces does not exceed the dimensions of the inlet of the hammer crusher (200x500 mm).

Crushing and grinding are carried out in two stages - primary crushing in a hammer mill (particle sizes less than 8 mm) and secondary - in a rod mill to particle sizes (0-1 mm).

One of the main requirements for the recycling of insulation waste is their separate collection and storage during the demolition or dismantling of buildings. In addition, an assessment of their physical condition before processing (moisture, size of pieces to be processed) is required, as well as their crowding, which does not allow them to be continuously fed into the receiving department of the processing plant.

12.7.3 Recycling bituminous roofing waste

Processing of bituminous roofing waste is carried out to obtain bitumen, as well as to reduce the environmental pollution of the air basin in order to avoid the practice of burning roofing waste.

Processing of bitumen-roofing waste is carried out by heat treatment at a temperature of 280°C - 300°C in special boilers. An example of the technological process of waste processing is shown in Figure 4 and includes the following operations:

Formation of a waste package for loading into the boiler;

Slinging packages;

installation in the boiler;

Melting of bitumen;

Removing the package and draining the remaining bitumen from the base.

The formed package of bitumen waste on the roof of the building without changing its shape is lowered into the boiler cassette for bitumen melting. Cassette 4 is made in the form of a grid welded from reinforcement Ø5-8 mm, eight cuts of roofing waste with dimensions of 1000x1000x1000 mm are installed in it in a vertical position with a gap between them of 22 mm. The gap is created and maintained using two skewers. The slinging of the cassette is carried out by brackets, 500 mm high, so that the brackets are located above the surface of the liquid bitumen. A fine steel mesh is laid on the cassette to filter foreign inclusions larger than 5 mm.

Liquid bitumen from the bitumen truck is poured into the boiler through the upper hole after removing the cover 12. A branch pipe 3 is provided to remove vapors. When bitumen is poured in a volume of 2 m 3, the cassette is immersed in bitumen and the bitumen level rises to the level II-II, which is higher than the surface of the waste cuts, the cassette is completely immersed in bitumen.

After the melting of the bitumen, it is drained with a decrease in the level to the level III-III. The cassette with the base of the roofing carpet (cardboard or fiberglass) is removed and suspended for 5-10 minutes to completely drain the remaining bitumen.

13 Measures for labor protection at construction waste processing plants

13.1 Workers servicing process lines for waste processing must receive instruction on general safety rules, instruction at the workplace, and also acquire practical skills for the safe performance of work on their site.

13.2 Requirements for the operation of technological lines and aspiration systems are given in,,.

13.3 The technological process for the production of crushed stone from concrete and reinforced concrete products must comply with the safety requirements in accordance with GOST 12.3.002 and GOST 12.3.020.

13.4 Hygienic requirements for production processes and equipment are given in.

13.5 In the production of crushed stone from concrete and reinforced concrete products, its radiation-hygienic assessment should be carried out in accordance with GOST 30108, based on the results of which the scope of crushed stone is determined.

13.6 Technological installations for the processing of demolition waste or dismantling of building structures and materials must meet the following requirements:

Installation designs must comply with GOST 12.2.003;

Air dust content, vibration and noise level generated by the installations must comply with GOST 12.1.003 and GOST 12.1.012;

The electrical signals of the control circuit must comply with the requirements of regulatory documents;

The location of the workplace, its elements and other ergonomic requirements must comply with GOST 22269;

Symbols of controls on boards and consoles must comply with GOST 12.4.040;

Safety of work at installations must comply with GOST 12.3.002.

14 Requirements for environmental protection during disposal

14.3 Incoming secondary crushed stone material after waste processing should be checked for specific effective activity of natural radionuclides in accordance with GOST 30108.

14.4 In the shops of enterprises for the processing of construction waste from the demolition of residential buildings, an aspiration system for technological equipment and places for pouring material should be provided. Dust-laden air should be supplied through air ducts to aspiration units equipped with ceramic-metal cyclones with fans.

14.5 Technological equipment of aspiration plants, as a rule, should operate in automatic mode.

14.6 In the warehouse of finished products, when pouring crushed crushed stone into cones, to prevent dusting, lifting fences must be provided.

Annex A

Devices, equipment and inventory for the dismantling of a large-panel building

Table A.1

Name and purpose	Designation of the normative document
Lifting devices
	GOST 33715-2015
2 Cargo magnet
3 Cargo sling (sling)
4 Traverse cargo (traverse)
Dismantling equipment
	GOST 24259-80
6 Stretch
7 Strut

9 Retainer
Temporary fences
10 Temporary fencing of the danger zone on the ceiling (typical)	GOST 23407-78
11 Temporary fencing of the danger zone on the floor
12 Link chain
13 Fencing of landings and marches
14 Safety device on a slab
Containers
15 Tool storage container	GOST R 53350-2009

Bibliography

STO NOSTROY 2.33.53-2011 Organization of construction production. Demolition (dismantling) of buildings and structures

MDS 12-64.2013 Standard project for the organization of work for the dismantling (demolition) of a building (structure)

SP 13-102-2003 Rules for the inspection of load-bearing building structures of buildings and structures

SNiP 12-03-2001 Occupational safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements

153-07 TC Technological schemes for the dismantling and dismantling of interfloor structures

SNiP 5.02.02-86 Standards for the need for construction tools

Federal Law of December 29, 2004 N 190-FZ "Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation"

SNiP 12-04-2002 Occupational safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production

Electrical Installation Rules (PUE) (7th ed.)

Rules for the technical operation of consumer electrical installations (approved by Order of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation dated January 13, 2003 N 6)

Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety "Industrial safety rules for hazardous production facilities that use equipment operating under excessive pressure" (approved by Order of the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision dated March 25, 2014 N 116)

SP 2.2.2.1327-03 Hygienic requirements for the organization of technological processes, production equipment and working tools

Types of dismantling of buildings and structures

Manual disassembly

Semi-mechanized dismantling

Mechanized dismantling

Dismantling according to the rules

4 General provisions

5 Preparations

6 Dismantling of equipment, internal engineering systems and finishing elements

7 Ways of demolition of buildings and structures

8 Dismantling of buildings and structures

9 The choice of mechanization for the dismantling of buildings and structures

11 Measures for environmental protection and public safety

Bibliography

1 area of ​​use

2 Normative references

3 Terms and definitions

4 General provisions

5 Preparing for the demolition of buildings and structures

6 Demolition and dismantling of building structures

6.1 General rules and demolition sequence

6.2 Dismantling of residential and public buildings with brick walls

6.3 Dismantling of load-bearing and enclosing structures of residential and public panel buildings from precast concrete

6.4 Rules for the dismantling of industrial frame buildings (one-story and multi-story)

6.5 Dismantling of the supporting and enclosing structures of the frame of one-story industrial buildings (steel and reinforced concrete)

6.6 Dismantling of structures of multi-storey buildings (steel and reinforced concrete)

6.7 Dismantling of pitched roofs of buildings with brick walls

6.8 Dismantling of roofs of panel and frame buildings

6.9 Floor-by-floor dismantling of elements of interfloor floors of brick buildings along wooden (steel) beams

6.10 Floor dismantling of precast concrete slabs and wall panels

6.11 Demolition of brick walls of buildings

6.12 Dismantling of structural elements of multi-storey frame buildings from precast concrete

6.13 Dismantling of load-bearing structures of one-story frame buildings

6.14 Ladder dismantling

6.15 Dismantling of foundations

6.16 Dismantling of massive reinforced concrete structures

6.17 Dismantling of buildings (structures) with a frame of wooden structures

6.18 Dismantling glued wooden arches and frames

6.19 Demolition of emergency buildings and structures and facilities after a fire

7 Methods of collapse and dismantling of building structures during the demolition of buildings and structures

8 Construction control and supervision of demolition of buildings and structures

9 Means of mechanization for the demolition of buildings and structures

10 Demolition safety

11 Environmental protection and public safety during demolition

12 Disposal of materials and structures resulting from the demolition of buildings and structures

12.1 Disposal of concrete and reinforced concrete structures

12.2 Recycling of substandard reinforced concrete products

12.3 Scope of recycled materials

12.4 Recycling of reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures and substandard elements of steel structures

12.5 Recycling and use of brick wall materials

12.6 Recycling and disposal of substandard wood products

12.7 Recycling and disposal of other building materials

12.7.1 Processing of cullet

12.7.2 Waste insulation recycling

12.7.3 Recycling bituminous roofing waste

13 Measures for labor protection at construction waste processing plants

14 Requirements for environmental protection during disposal

Devices, equipment and inventory for the dismantling of a large-panel building

Lifting devices

Dismantling equipment

Temporary fences

Containers

Banks and banking system

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The dynamics of the us dollar

1 area of use